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Thermoregulation, References - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Body shape influences heat loss. Those with a lower surface area to volume ratio will lose body heat compared to those with a higher surface area to volume ratio.
    - - Rewarming the body. Must be done carefully because rewarming the body too quickly or incorrectly could result in the body attempting to remove the sudden excess of heat and cause even more heat loss and/or death.
    - - Moderate: Muscle coordiantion and movements become slow or a struggle. Blood vessels contrict further and some areas of the body begin to turn blue, while mental confusion begins to set in.
      - Severe: Speech fails, mental processes become irrational and organs and heart eventually fail, resulting in death.
      - Mild: Shivering, vasoconstriction reduces bloodflow to extremities. High blood pressure (hypertension) and increased urine production due to the cold (cold diuresis).
  - - - Involves rapidly lowering the core body temperature, however, it must be done carefully in order to avoid causing vasoconstriction as it could produce heat and make the condition worse.
    - - Overexertion: Flushed red face, rapid short breaths. Need to seek shade and drink plenty of fluids.
      - Heat Exhaustion: Profuse sweating, a dry mouth, cramps, nausea, skin will appear red. Physical activity needs to be stopped immediately, shade, cool drinks, possibly ice packs on skin required.
      - Heat Stroke: Body's core temperature has risen above 40 C. Thermoregulartory mechanisms fail. Sweat no longer present, skin becomes hot and dry, enzymes denature and death follows.