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Diagnostic tool evaluate 20 marker - Coggle Diagram
Diagnostic tool evaluate 20 marker
Intro
Reliability - the consistancy of diagnosis given to patients measured by extent of agreement between clinicians or test retest
Validity - accuracy of diagnosis given
Patient and clinician factors
AO1 - patients may give inaccurate symptoms bc of shame, denial, over/under exaggerate, manipulative tendencies, not aware what it is a symptom - clinicians may give innacurate analysis because of implicit bias, life experience, culture, education
AO3 - ward et al DSM 2 5% of unreliability caused by patient bias, 32.5% of unreliability caused by clinician factors but 62.5% caused by unreliable diagnostic tool
Counter point - many updates since then DSM 1 - 5 106 - 365 mental disorders and include more symptoms and descriptive points
Inter-rater reliability
AO1 - ICD and DSM need to have it - if two clinicians see same patient need to give the same diagnosis DSM measured in kappa values ICD measured in PPV
AO3 - rosenhan 7/8 all got diagnosed Sz based on DSM 2, Refier DSM 5 now good at PTSD 0.6-0.79, ICD 10 increased for Sz from 68% - 94%, mood disorders increased from 16%, anziety disorders increased by 8%
Counter points - reliability does not mean validity rosenhan, Kappa values causing decrease in acceptability for DSM, MDD gone down from DSM 4 now is 0.28
Concurrent validity
AO1 - Two diagnostic systems being used together as a tool for diagnosing a patient - symptoms and disorders align
DSM 5 has ICD 9+10 codes in it
AO3 - hoffman high amount of agreement between ICD and DSM for low and extreme levels of alcohalism
Counter points - Hoffman - 1/3 of mild symptoms in DSM do not qualify for ICD diagnosis, Andrews only 66% agreement
Aetiological validity
Ao1 - tools describing risk factors to ensure validity of diagnosis
AO3 - Both are symptom based and do not describe risk factors too much - good because means clinicians aren't biased in analysis of symptoms
Counter points - lack validity because can't assess full symptoms including risk factors
Culture
AO1 - affects the way symptoms may appear and how the disorder may impact life DSM 5 includes culture formulation interview and section on culture bound disorders, ICD 10 includes small section on culture bound disorders
AO3 - good because DSM has notes on how clinician should handle culture differences and what affects it will have - ICD 10 has how discriminatioln and racism will affect symptoms so increases validity of diagnoses because symptoms arent confused
Counter points - not good because not as developed as should be, DSM ethnocentric because made for americans by americans, ICD glaims to be global but heavily influenced by western medicine