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Osmoregulation, References - Coggle Diagram
Osmoregulation
Key Organs
Kidneys: Filter blood to remove waste, regulate water, salts, and pH balance.
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Skin: Sweat glands excrete water and electrolytes, which also contribute to water balance.
Key Hormones
Antodiuretic Hormone (ADH): Released by the pituitary gland in response to high blood osmolarity. Signals the kidneys to increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Reduces urine output, concentrating urine to conserve water.
Aldosterone: Released by the adrenal glands when blood sodium levels are low or potassium levels are high. Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, causing water retention due to osmosis.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP): Released by the heart when blood volume is too high. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, causing water excretion to reduce blood volume.
Processes
Water Reabsorbtion: ADH and aldosterone regulate the amount of water reabsorbed from the nephron into the bloodstream.
Osmosis: Movement of water from areas of low solute concentration (in kidney tubules) to high concentration (in blood vessels) helps conserve water.
Excretion: Excess water, urea, and waste products are excreted as urine. The urine's concentration reflects the body's hydration status.
Disruptions
Dehyrdration: Low water intake leads to a higher concentration of solutes in the blood (increased osmolarity).
Overhydration (Water intoxication): Excessive water intake dilutes blood sodium levels, which can cause hyponatremia.
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