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Racial Formation: Omi and Winant - Coggle Diagram
Racial Formation: Omi and Winant
Socially Constructed Process
Anti-Blackness
Social Death
Hartman “Innocent amusements” :”it is a tricky matter to detail the civil existence of a subject who is socially justice dead and legally recognized as human only to the degree that he is criminally culpable
Slavery
Exploitation of a minority group for economic gain. Slaves were viewed as resources for a business. They held value as property and were exploited for the economic gain of their enslavers.
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“Not black”
“Be White, but above all, don’t be black” Page 9 of “Better Asians than blacks”
Initiations create these internal narratives that lead to racism systematically
Claire Jean Kim
“Near White”
“It benefits whites and maintains Asian Americans in a position where they are near-white but still a minority” page 4
Define and Rule Native as a Political identity: “By institutionalizing discrimination in colonial society-racial in civil law-civil and customary” page 50
Racism was formed socially/institutioanally through laws
Racial Categories are created, inhabited and transformed
Hierarchies are created
Savior Mentality
Colonialism
Domination of a people or an area by a foreign state of nature
The Black Hole Empire: “It is interesting, of course, that out was precisely in the second half of the nineteenth century, when imperialism became an explicitly avowed policy objective of every recognized or aspiring great power, and the moral rhetoric of civilizing liberalism became somewhat unfashionable”
The process of maintaining a Nation’s Political and economic control of an area
Hochschild and Memmi
King Leopold’s Ghost
Came in and exploited the natives by making them do brutal work to extract rubber in order to sell for a high price
The Colonizer and the Colonized
“The more freely he breathes, the more the colonized chokes” page 8
Exploitation of the Colonized for their own gain. A colonized land is a business
Colonizers are contradicting because they exploit the colonized people but claim that they are saving them because they are unfit to rule
Moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity and educate them
Lepore Name of War: Diffetent groups such as the Spanish and English and their differences in colonization. The common theme is brutality and exploitation
“Houses have been burned, children murdered, men beheaded” page 3
Settler Colonialism
The taking of territory
Removal of Indigienous People from the land
The Dene Nation’s Struggle for Self-Determination (Coulthard)
Canada attempted to negotiate with the Denee tribe through policies and agreements. There was no middle ground because they viewed land in completely different ways
Canadians viewed it as property
The Denee had a spiritual connection to the land
Two different ways of life. The natives did not want to assimilate and accept that land was viewed as property
The Elimination of the Native (Wolfe)
“It is a structure not an event”
It is an ongoing process to move the Natives off their land that is still happening today
Genocide
“Settler Colonialism is inherently eliminatory but not invariably genocidal” Page 1
Does not HAVE to be violent
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Assimilation
Erasing Culture as a result of moving them off their land
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Racial Project
Links the way race is represented in discourse to how resources and power are organized along racial lines
Salgado “Rethinking the Coloniality of Race”: “This idea of race is referred to as ‘scientific racism”’:attempts to explain and systemizze racial categories through reference to physical and biological features” page 1247
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“Here the focus is on the racial dimensions of social structure—in this case of state activity and policy. The argument is that state actions in the past and present have treated people in very different ways according to their race” Page 57 of Racial Formation of the United States
This standard of creating these boundaries is what opens the door to the exploitation found in these other concepts
Exploitation
Capitalism
King Leopold’s Ghost
Created a system where Congolese villagers extracted rubber under brutal conditions
Profitable for Leopold but devastating for the Congolese
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How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
“When colonial governments seized African lands, they achieved two things simultaneously. They satisfied their own citizens and they created the conditions whereby landless Africans had to work not just to pay taxes but also to survive” Page 165
The Africans were exploited and lose their lives where they were self sustainable
Indirect Rule and Imperial Exception
Exploitation for economic gain
Colonzing an area for the colonizers profit
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Conversation of Natives into European religions and customs
English View of themselves: They were supporting an uncivilized nation and they had a right to the land because they put work into it
Only using the settlement for economic gain
Little focus on the Natives and instead what they can provide (Labor/resources)
King Leopold forced the colonized people to extract rubber which was a brutal process. He was extracting whatever he could without the desire to leave anything
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