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Film - Coggle Diagram
Film
Snow White
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Context
Hollywood studio system of the 1930s was a commercial enterprise, relatively untouched by government regulation.
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Paramount Pictures, Metro Goldwyn Mayer, Warner Brothers Pictures, 20th Century Fox and RKO – formed an oligopoly that controlled the market in the USA and much of the world
Studios controlled every element of process from production and distribution to exhibition. The big ‘first-run’ cinemas were mostly owned by the big five studios. Studios that did not own cinema chains – such as Universal, Columbia, and United Artists – relied on the big five to distribute their films.
This system of studio ownership of cinemas broke down in the late 1940s and 1950s due to anti-trust lawsuits and the competition from television
The Paramount Decree banned the major film studios from owning the theatre chains and thus dominating the film industry and pushing out competition from smaller studio competitors
Disney originally established a niche within this system by producing animated shorts that would play as part of these packages of content – a mix of A films, B films, newsreels, comic shorts, cartoons – that were designed for all-round mass entertainment
Shang Chi
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Context
21st century Walt Disney Company, in contrast to the Walt Disney Productions of 1937, is an international conglomerate that makes films as a small, though significant, part of its overall operations.
However, by revenue, the company primarily sells television (cable and broadcasting), parks, cruises, holiday resorts, and merchandising.
In the last pre-pandemic accounts (2019) the above accounted for $51 billion of the company’s overall revenues of $70 billion. The film segment of the business made just over $11 billion in revenues in the same year.
Disney’s TV companies include: ABC network, ESPN, Disney Channel, National Geographic
Streaming services include: Disney+ and Hulu. Both are rapidly growing in revenue, but still made a loss in 2020
Having exclusive streaming rights to their films means they can compete with streaming giants such as Netflix by using a similar model. Disney did previously stream their films/content via Netflix, but cut ties before starting Disney+ to ensure exclusivity and further profitability
Core concepts
Production
Written, Preparations for shoot, film is shot, editing
Distribution
Screened for potential buyers, Marketing eg press shoots, posters, print adverts, online adverts, trailers
Exhibition
The way people consume films, eg dvd, online streaming, cinema
Ownership
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Big 5 studios are; Disney, Warner Bros, 20th Century Fox, Paramount, Universal, Sony
Vertical Integration - When one company has ownership of the means of production, distribution and exhibition of the film, they receive all of the profit
Control over production, Cost savings, Increased revenue, Synergy between divisions, Better consumer experience
Horizontal Integration - When one company owns two or more subsidiary companies that do the same thing. E.g. one conglomerate owning 2 film studios, or 2 cinema chains.
When one company operates in more than one media area (film, TV, radio, print, games…)
Diversified Revenue Sources, Market Dominance, Cross promotion opportunities, Global brand recognition