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sec 2 Transport System in Living Things (Humans) - Coggle Diagram
sec 2 Transport System in Living Things (Humans)
Circulatory System Components
Heart
Muscular pump
Pumps blood around the body
Blood Vessels
Arteries – carry oxygenated blood away from heart
Veins – carry deoxygenated blood towards heart
Capillaries – tiny vessels connecting arteries & veins
Walls one-cell thick → allows diffusion of substances
Blood (Transport Medium)
Plasma – transports nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste (CO₂, other metabolic waste)
Red Blood Cells – transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
Function of Blood & Capillaries
Capillaries
Enable fast exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells
Walls are partially permeable
Substances Transported by Blood
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products
Digested food (glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids)
Transport by Diffusion
Oxygen
From lungs → red blood cells → tissue cells
Carbon Dioxide
From tissue cells → blood → lungs
Nutrients (from digestive system)
From blood → tissue cells via diffusion
Diffusion in Plants (Example)
CO₂ → photosynthesising leaf (diffusion)
Mineral salts → root hairs (active transport if against concentration)
Water in xylem → roots to leaves (osmosis/transpiration)
Issues in Human Transport System
Drug Abuse Effects
Methamphetamine → blood vessel, heart, liver, kidney damage
Cannabis → impaired brain development
Ecstasy → increased heart rate, organ damage
NPS → severe toxicity, cardiovascular & renal failure
Heart Transplant (Ethical Awareness)
HOTA (Human Organ Transplant Act) in Singapore
Organs recoverable: heart, liver, kidneys, corneas
Donor requirements: blood tests, physical & mental health, no history of drug use, counseling
Recipient considerations:
Body size match
Health condition
Blood type match (priority for rare blood types)
