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Fons Trompenaars mind map - Coggle Diagram
Fons Trompenaars mind map
Core Dilemmas
Universalism vs Particularism
Rules vs Relationships
Car Accident dilemma
Switzerland → prioritize legal rules (Universalism)
Venezuela → prioritize personal relationships (Particularism)
Specific vs Diffuse
Work/private life separation vs integration
Peach vs Coconut analogy
Peach (Americans): friendly outside, hard private core
Coconut (Germans): reserved outside, soft accessible core once trust is earned
Real-World Examples
HSBC in Tokyo
Americans teaching 'objectivity'
Japanese understood as 'Kaki' = outsider’s perspective
Universal concept is culturally framed
Leadership Across Cultures
Leadership differs by culture
US → based on competence
France → based on social background
Key Ideas
Cultural Bias
Leadership & business models rooted in a single culture
Don’t work globally without adaptation
Reconciling Opposites
True success = bridging cultural gaps
Integrating opposing viewpoints
Not just tolerating differences
The Japanese Garden
Example of reconciliation
Combines internal & external views
Creates more complete picture of reality
How to Use a Cultural Dimension
Universalism vs Particularism
Universalism: rules, laws, codes apply to everyone
Follow standard procedures regardless of who is involved
Particularism: context & relationships determine rules
Flexibility depending on situation & relationship
Relationships more important than abstract rules