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geo: chap 8: housing and its spatial distribution - Coggle Diagram
geo: chap 8: housing and its spatial distribution
different types of housing
formal housing (legally built): housing provided by government or private developers with legal rights to occupy the land
built by government/ private developers
hbd develops public housing
plot of land may be sold/leased to private businesses - develop private housing projects
legal right to occupy land
land rights: ability of individuals to freely obtain, use, n possess land at its discretion
land rights address ownership of land: provides security, increase human capabilities
formal housing built by those with legal right to occupy the land
access to basic services
easy access to water, electricity, sanitation services
infastructure to support these services (underground water pipes, power lines) r built together with the housing project
provision of services: improve quality of life among residents
high quality building materials
use of hard wood, concrete n metal
withstand elements (stong winds, heavy rain)
last long, minimum maintenance
informal housing (illegally built): housing shortage-become squatters
self-built squatters
built by individuals in an unplanned fashion
constructed from scavenged materials (recycled lumber, repurposed zinc sheets) - building material is inferior - at risk of collapsing, being flooded, flammable
no legal right to occupy land
built on available, accessible plot of land, occupy government property - undeveloped n unsecured - illegal occupants of land
housing can be cleared away n residents evicted - constant risk of losing their homes
lack of access to basic services
resort to: illegal tapping onto nearby electrical grids, siphoning water from nearby pipes, disposing sanitary waste into the ground/rivers
increase risk of injury n ill health: electrocution, consumption of contaminated water, waterborne diseases
high rise, high density housing: apartments, shared facilities.
low rise, low density housings: detached/semi-detached buildings, terraces, shophouses
different housing types in cities
location of formal housing
found on desirable land (land that is attractive)
near greenery n amenities, away from pollution n heavy industries
location of informal housing
found in areas of LULU (locally unwanted land use) LULU: creates potential health hazards, poor aesthetic, or reduction in home values or surrounding areas
near landfills, sewage treatment plants, large polluting industries - often the only space in city left available
dwellers want to save travelling time ans costs by living near their workplace - build slums near industrical sites
Factors affecting location of housing
land-use planning
guidelines drawn by planning authorities
planning authorities practice zoning to ensure built environment is well developed
formal housing: occupies zones n areas designated for housing developements
zoning restricts type of activities n land-use permitted on specific sites - shape of layout of city, enable various types of developments
informal housing: can occur regardless of land-use planning guidelines
developers
formal housing
private developers: tend to pick sites that are most commercially viable
government: tend to consider people's needs more than profit
informal housing
occupy locations near industrial developments to benefit from existing infastruture (piped water, electricity, roads)
land prices
high land prices - houses sold at higher prices - people may not be able to afford the houses - may turn to build informal housing: therefore important to regluate land prices to avoid this situation
housing financial support
housing financial support for developers - lower cost of building houses - encourage developers to build more formal housing
financial support schemes - high affordability of houses - more people able to afford fomal housing - less informal housing in cities