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TOPIC 2 = DISCOURSE ANALYSIS - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 2 = DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Conversation Analysis
Conversational Analysis (CA) is the systematic study of talk-in-interaction.
It examines how people manage conversations in everyday life, focusing on the structure, organization, and patterns of communication.
An activity where two or more people take turns in speaking
Usually, one person speaks at a time - turn taking
If more than one person tries to talk at the same time, usually one of them will stop.
Usually, participants of a conversation will wait until the speaker indicates that he/she has finished – by signaling a completion point
Definition
Discourse: a series of connected utterances, such as conversation, story, lecture, or any other communication event.
A study of language in text & conversation:
how we make sense of what we read
how we can recognise well-constructed texts opposed to
jumbled & incoherent ones
how we understand speakers who communicate more than they say
how we successfully take part in a conversation
The effort to interpret / to be interpreted & how we accomplish it = key elements in the study of discourse
Coherence
Definition: The overall clarity and logical flow of ideas in a text.
Focus: Meaning and understanding at a deeper level.
Examples:
Ideas connect logically and are easy to follow.
Clear organization of content (e.g., introduction, body, conclusion).
Consistent themes or arguments throughout the text.
Context and relevance of information.
Speech Events
A speech event refers to a specific instance of communication where language is used within a particular social and cultural context. It includes the participants, the purpose of the communication, and the rules or norms governing the interaction.
Key Characteristics of Speech Events:
Setting/Context:
The physical or social environment where the communication occurs (e.g., classroom, meeting, informal gathering).
Purpose:
The reason for the communication (e.g., requesting, apologizing, informing).
Message Form:
The structure and style of the message (e.g., formal or informal language).
Rules/Norms:
Social or cultural expectations that guide the interaction (e.g., turn-taking, politeness).
Participants:
Speaker(s): The person(s) delivering the message.
Listener(s): The person(s) receiving the message.
Examples of Speech Events:
Conversation: An informal exchange between two or more people.
Speech: A formal presentation in front of an audience.
Classroom Discussion: Teacher and students interacting to exchange knowledge.
Interview: A formal question-and-answer session.
Cohesion
Definition: The use of linguistic devices to link sentences and ideas together within a text.
Ties & connection that exist within a text.
Focus: Surface-level connections (grammar and structure).
Examples:
Use of conjunctions (e.g., and, but, therefore).
Pronouns to refer to previous ideas (e.g., he, it, this).
Repetition of key terms or synonyms.
Logical sequence of ideas (e.g., chronological order).