Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 3&4 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3&4
Functional groups
: components commonly involved in chemical reactions
Amino Group
Sulfhydryl Group
Carboxyl Group
Carbonyl Group
Phosphate Group
Hydroxyl group
Methyl Group
Water properties
Ability to moderate tempature
Thermal energy: one body of matter to another is defined as heat
Calorie(Cal): The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of H2O by 1-degree Celsius
Specific heat: The amount of heat absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change it temp ny 1-degree Celsius
Heat of Vaporization: Heat required to turn H20 to gas
Evaporating Cooling: Surface cooling
Expansion upon freezing
Hydrogen bonds: Keep the molecules far enough apart to make it less dense
Cohesive behavior
Adhesion:Two or more different substance form a bond
Cohesion: Two or more substance of the same substance forming a bond
Surface tension: The measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid
Versatility
Hydration shell: When hydrogen atoms surround a solute
Hydrophilic: Substance that has an affinity for water(Polar)
Hydrophilic: Substance that does not have an affinity for water(Nonpolar)
Acidic and bases conditions
Base: substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution
Acid: Substance that has an increase of H+ concentration of a solution
Ions of hydrogen
Hydroxide ion: molecule that lost its proton (OH-)
Hydrogen ion: Leaves it electron behind and is transferred as a proton (H+)
Hydroxide: Molecule with an extra proton(H3O+)
Buffers: Substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution and usually contain a weak acid
Organic chemistry
: study of compounds that contain carbon. regardless of origin
Carbon: Has four valence electron, which can form four covalent bonds and enables to create large complex molecules
Bonding partners of Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Hydrocarbons: containing only hydrogen and carbon (2n+2= # of Hydrogen)
Isomers: Compounds with different structures but same molecular formula
Cis-Trans Isomers: has the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangement
Enantiomers: Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Often only one enantiomer is biologically active
Structural isomers: has different covalent arrangement of their atoms
Energy source for Cellular Process
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Organic molecule which consist of a string of three phosphate groups