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B6 Preventing and Treating Disease - Coggle Diagram
B6 Preventing and Treating Disease
Monoclonal Antibodies
Detecting infections in blood transfusions
Research
Monitoring and measuring
Treat cancer
Diagnosis of disease
Pregnancy tests
Antibodies
Have complementary shapes to specific antigens
Neutralise/deactivate pathogens with the antigen on them (by binding)
Produced by lymphocytes
Signals pathogen for destruction by phagocytes
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Accidental discovery- isolated and used 10 years after
Helped cure a blood infection
Alexander Flemming- 1928
Not effective on viruses
Damages bacterial cells
New Drugs
Must be tested for safety and effectiveness
Extensive testing for:
Efficacy
Dosage
Toxcicity
Key Stages
Preclinical testing- cells, tissues and animals
Clinical testing- patients
Discover new drugs from plants, computer modelling, etc
Painkillers
Gets rid of a headache, improves a sore throat, etc
Relieves symptoms
Aspirin
Now artificial form has been made
Acetylsalicylic acid
400 BC
Found in bark of willow
Painkiller and anti-inflammatory
Characteristics of a New Drug
Safe
Effective
Successfully taken in and removed from the body
Stable