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CHAPTER 4: What Are The Reasons? WINSON XUE - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: What Are The Reasons?
WINSON XUE
Intro
we may agree or disagree with claims
must identify reasons
don't use 'opinions'
argument and reasoning also means the same
take time to locate arguments
I. Initiating the Questioning Process
approach with questioning attitude
argument includes conclusion with evidence to support it
II. Words that Identify Reasons
as a result of
because of the fact that
is supported by
studies show
for the reason that
in view of
because the evidence is
first.. second.. third..
III. Kinds of Reasons
facts
research findings
real-life examples
statistics
appeals to experts/ authority
personal testimonials
analogies
IV. Keeping the Reasons and Conclusions Straight
reasons can be supported by other reasons
organize your reasons and conclusion
weak reasons= weak reasoning
V. Reasons First, Then Conclusions
conclusion reflect strongly based on reasons
avoid "reverse logic" and 'backward reasoning"
VI. Exploring Possible Reasons before Reaching a Conclusion
do more research, despite having background knowledge
look for up-to-date info
VII. Identifying Major Publications That Cover Your Issue
use academic databases
VIII. Helping Your Readers Identify Your Reasons
be clear
display reasons openly
use indicator words and phrases
'signal words'
use blueprint/outline