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6.0. International trade - Coggle Diagram
6.0. International trade
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Trade restriction
Reasons
Infant industry: bảo vệ ngành công nghiệp nội địa non trẻ, để nó có thể trưởng thành trước khi bị chèn ép
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Protecting domestic industries: Bảo vệ nội địa hỏi các ảnh hưởng của chính sách chính trị từ nước ngoài
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Motivations for and advantages of trading blocs, common markets, and economic unions
- Removing barriers to import and export among members:
- Free Trade Areas
- Customs Union
- Common Market
- Economic Union
- Monetary Union
- Common trade retrictions for non-member:
- Customs Union
- Common Market
- Economic Union
- Monetary Union
- Free moverment of labor and capital goods:
- Common Market
- Economic Union
- Monetary Union
- Common institutions and economic policy for the union
- Economic Union
- Monetary Union
- Common and single currency:
Trading Blocs, common market, economic union
Definition
- Regional integration: is popular because elimating trade and iinvestment barriers among a small group of countries is easier, politically less contentious, adn quicker than multilateral negotiations
- Trade creation: replacement of higher-cost domestic production by lower-cost imports from other member
- Trade diversion: lower-cost imports from non-member countries are replaces with higher-cost imports from member
Effect
Positive
- Increase trade based on comparative advantage, allocate resources more efficiently
- Increase competition among member countries' firms
Negative
- Decrease wealth and incomes of some firms/Industries/groups of workers
- Structural unemployment -> retrain to get new job
- On balance, economic welfare is improved by reducing/eliminating trade restrictions
Advantages of tranding blocs, common markets, and economic unions
- All benefits of free trade: greater specialization, technology transfer,...
- Reduce the potential for conflict among members
- Give members greater bargaining power in the global economy as they form a united front
- Offer new opportunities for trade and investment
- Growth in a member country tends to spill over into other members as well