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types of cells and functions - Coggle Diagram
types of cells and functions
Nucleoid
Plasmid
small circular extrachromosomal DNA
May code for antibiotic resistance
5-100 genes
Single, circular chromosome
Plasma Membrane of bacteria
proposed in 1972 by singer and Nicolson
fluid mosaic model
proteins
phospholipid bilayer
hydrophobic tail
Forms water tight enclosure
hydrophilic head
always exposed to water
Fimbriae
important in biofilm formation
attach to other cells and surfaces
The absence of fimbriae prevents colonizzatio
Flagella
taxis- movement toward or away from a stimulus
phototaxis
chemotaxis
function for motility
3 parts to it
basal body
filament
hook
attaches filament to basal body
number of flagella present tells what type of bacteria it is
Cell wall of bacteria
function is to privide protection from envirnmental factors
targeted by medications to break down bacteria
gram negative
more gram negative are antibiotic resistant
outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides
lipid a
too much lipid a in the blood can cause shock (organ failure)
functions as an endotoxin
only released when organism dies
releases signals in hypothalamus (body thermostat)
causes fever and shock in response to the death of gram negative bacteria
looks like 3 layers
Gram positive
No outer membrane
thick peptidoglycan layer
made of peptidoglycan
NAG
N- actellyglucosamine acid
NAM
N-acetylmuramic acid
Connect NAG and NAM by a peptide bond
Stuctures external to cell wall
Glycocalax
made internally then secreted
made of polysaccharides
sticky and if well organized will form a capsule
virulence factor
allows for colonization
protects the cell from dehydration
EPS
allow bacteria to attach to a surface
plays a major role in biofilm formation
Eukaryotic
animal cells
plant cells
cell walls
made of cellulose
chloroplasts
Vacule is larger
Prokaryotic
Bacteria and archaea
flagella
fimbriae
divide asexually
binary fission
lack membrane enclosed organelles
no membrane bound nucleus