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FOUNDATION OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, divided into, divided into,…

- - - - Biochemistry
      - Building blocks of life
      - Polymers
      - Hydrolysis
      - Macromolecule
      - Monomers
      - Condensation reaction
    - - Composition: C, H, O
      - Functions
        
        Energy source
        
        Energy storage
        
        Structure
      - Types
        
        Monosaccharide
        
        's example is
        
        Glucose, fructose, galactose (simplest)
        
        Disaccharides
        
        's example is
        
        Sucrose, lactose, maltose (two monosaccharides)
        
        Polysaccharides
        
        Energy storage
        
        Structure
      - Molecular & Structural formulae
    - - Non-polar (water insoluble)
      - Functions
        
        Energy reserve
        
        Membrane component
        
        Insulator
      - Components
        
        Fatty acid
        
        Saturated
        
        Unsaturated
        
        Alcohol (e.g., glycerol)
        
        Esters linkage/bond
      - Types
        
        Triglycerides
        
        Phospholipids
        
        forming
        
        Membrane component
        
        Steroids
    - - Structures
        
        Secondary
        
        forming by
        
        α helix
        
        β pleated
        
        Stabilized by hydrogen bonds
        
        Tertiary
        
        forming by
        
        3D folding
        
        Stabilized by: hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions
        
        Quaternany
        
        forming by
        
        Multiple polypeptide chains
        
        Example: haemoglobin
        
        Primary
        
        forming by
        
        Amino acid sequence
      - Monomer: Amino acids
      - Peptide bond
      - Polypeptide
      - Functions
        
        Enzymes
        
        Transport
        
        Structure
        
        Hormones
        
        Defense
      - Examples
        
        Haemoglobin
        
        is a type of
        
        Globular protein
        
        Oxygen transport
        
        Sickle cell anaemia
        
        Collagen
        
        Fibrous protein
        
        Structural (connective tissue)
      - Biuret test (detection)
    - - 's function is
        
        Storage & transfer of genetic information
    - - Dipoles
      - Hydrogen bond
      - Glycosidic
      - Esters linkage/bond
      - Peptide bond
      - Disulfide
      - Ionic bond
      - Hydrophobic interaction