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SST-4, 🗺️ Physical Divisions of India - Coggle Diagram
SST-4
🗺️ Physical Divisions of India
📏 Size and Area
🌍 Covers 3.28 million sq. km
📐 Roughly diamond-shaped → narrow in north, wide in center, stretches south
🌊 Surrounded by water on 3 sides (Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal) → Peninsula
🏞️ Physical Features (Landforms)
⛰️ The Northern Mountains
🌄 Himalayas → highest mountain range in the world
🗻 Extends from Jammu & Kashmir (west) to Arunachal Pradesh (east)
🏔️ Includes world’s highest peaks (Mount Everest in Nepal)
❄️ Snow-covered most of the year → source of important rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra)
🌳 Other Indian ranges → Vindhyas, Aravallis, Nilgiris, Satpuras
🌾 Fertile rivers → support agriculture and thick population in plains
🌾 The Northern Plains
🏞️ Flat, level, and fertile land
💧 Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra
🌱 Fertile soil → supports agriculture, thick population
🌦️ Receives rainfall, moderate climate (not extreme summers/winters)
🏛️ Cradle of civilizations → Indus Valley Civilization flourished here
🏜️ The Western Desert
🌵 Located in northwestern India
🏜️ Called the Thar Desert / Great Indian Desert
☀️ Hot summers, ❄️ cold winters
💧 Very little rainfall, scarce vegetation
🐪 Camel → main transport (adapted to dry region)
👥 Sparse population → due to harsh living conditions
⛰️ The Southern Plateaus
🪨 Plateau → elevated flat land, cone-shaped in south
🌄 Higher than plains, but lower than Himalayas
🌊 Surrounded by Ghats: Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Aravallis
🌳 Rich in minerals, forests
💧 Rivers: Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Tapti
📉 Rocky and less fertile than northern plains
🌦️ Rain-fed rivers (depend on rainfall, unlike perennial rivers of north)
🏝️ The Coastal Plains
🌊 Narrow strips along the Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal
🌴 Fertile, humid, suitable for farming
🎣 Fishing → major livelihood
🚤 Ports → important for trade
💧 Rivers like Krishna and Godavari flow here
🏝️ The Islands
🏝️ Andaman & Nicobar Islands → Bay of Bengal
🏝️ Lakshadweep Islands → Arabian Sea
📏 Andaman & Nicobar → larger, more numerous
📏 Lakshadweep → smaller, fewer islands
🌦️ Climate → tropical (neither too hot nor too cold)
🎣 Fishing → main occupation, greenery abundant
📖 Summary (Rewind outcomes)
1️⃣ India has a variety of landforms → mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, coasts, islands
2️⃣ Himalayas → tallest mountain range, source of major rivers
3️⃣ Northern Plains → fertile and densely populated
4️⃣ Southern Plateau → mineral rich, rivers rain-fed
5️⃣ Western Desert → dry, sandy, sparse vegetation
6️⃣ Coastal Plains → fertile, fishing hub
7️⃣ Islands → Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep