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Rosenhan - Coggle Diagram
Rosenhan
Procedure:
1) The pseudopatients went to clinical interviews and reported their symptoms and they were admitted to a hospital
2) They then conducted an unstructured observation of recording what they heard and saw on a notepad whilst also reporting that the voices had stopped
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4) Structured observations: in 3 hospitals there was a record of how many patients voiced suspicions and how much time the staff spent on the ward. The other observation was a scripted question and the staff's body language and answer was recorded
5) Follow up study: The staff received a questionnaire to rate each patient on if they thought the patient was mentally ill
Results:
11/12 hospitals diagnosed schizophrenia but 1 hospital diagnosed manic-depression which is easier to treat
It took between 7 and 52 days for the pseudopatients to be discharged and the mean length of stay was 19 days
The pseudopatients were discharged with a diagnosis of 'schizophrenia- in remission' in 7 cases but 1 was discharged with 'schizophrenia'
Staff were abusing their patients, patients were refusing medication and the staff depersonalised the patients
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Conclusion:
The private hospital diagnosed the patient with manic depression which is a more treatable disorder than depression. Wealthier people may be more likely to get diagnosed with milder problems
Tendency towards false positives (Type I errors) in normal diagnoses, but Type II errors (false negatives) when the hospital knows it is being assessed
Psychiatric hospitals do not help with therapy; in fact, they make it worse
Labels are often attached wrong and also these labels, once attached, are difficult to get rid of
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Aim: Rosenhan wanted to test the reliability of mental health diagnosis, to see if the medical professionals could tell the sane from the insane in a clinical setting.
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Sample: The staff and the patients in 12 psychiatric hospitals in the United States. The hospitals were in 5 different states, on the East and West coasts of the country