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Abstract (300 words max), Introduction (Broad to Specific, present tense,…
Abstract (300 words max)
Background
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What do we already know:
-Birds are smaller in size compared to most mammals
-Mammals and birds have different locomotion.
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Results
Summary of Findings: BMR increases with body mass, but not in a linear fashion. Smaller mammals exhibit low BMRs, while large mammals, show substantially higher BMRs. This pattern reflects an allometric scaling relationship, where metabolic rate increases with body mass but at a diminishing rate.
Introduction (Broad to Specific, present tense
Question & Hypothesis
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Hypothesis: Mammals with greater body mass will have higher BMRs, but the increase will follow a non-linear pattern.
Background
BMR is a fundamental physiological trait that determines energy use in animals. Previous research shows BMR scales allometrically with body mass. However, the precise nature of this relationship across mammals requires further testing.
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Methods (Relevant details, past tense, acknowledge scientific equipment)
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Procedures
Collected data on species' body mass and BMR, compared values across the dataset, and analyzed patterns of scaling between the two variables using graphs/visuals.
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Results
Figures
PUT TABLES AND FIGURES IN THIS SECTION (scatterplot, bar graph, and data table) also add captions describing images.
Tables
Mass comparison
T-test revealed a significant difference in mean body mass between birds (about 305 g) and mammals (about 11,185 g). The large t-statistic (t=-5.18, p < 0.000001) indicates that mammals are significantly heavier on average than birds.
Paragraphs
Major findings show a positive relationship between body mass and BMR in mammals. However, the relationship is not linear - small mammals have relatively higher metabolic demands, while large mammals have higher absolute BMRs but relatively lower per-unit-mass rates.
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Literature Cited
End Citations Format
1) Gavrilov VM, Golubeva TB, Warrack G, Bushuev AV. 2022. Metabolic Scaling in Birds and Mammals: How Taxon Divergence Time, Phylogeny, and Metabolic Rate Affect the Relationship between Scaling Exponents and Intercepts. Biology. 11(7):1067. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11071067.
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3) Daan S, Masman D, Groenewold A. 1990. Avian basal metabolic rates: their association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 259(2):R333–R340. doi:https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.2.r333.
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