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Endometriosis - Coggle Diagram
Endometriosis
Etiology / Pathogenesis
Retrograde menstruation (Sampson’s theory) – menstrual blood flows backward through fallopian tubes → implants in pelvis
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Genetic / immunological factors – familial clustering, impaired immune clearance
Sites of Involvement
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Pelvic peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments
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Rectovaginal septum, pouch of Douglas
Extra-pelvic (rare): lungs, surgical scars, umbilicus
Risk factors
Early menarche, late menopause
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Short menstrual cycles, heavy/prolonged menstruation
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Complications
Infertility (due to adhesions, tubal blockage)
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Investigations
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Other: MRI (deep infiltrating disease), CA-125 (nonspecific marker)
Clinical Features
Symptoms
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Dysuria, hematuria (if urinary tract involved)
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Management
Medical
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Hormonal suppression: COCs, progestins, GnRH agonists/antagonists, danazol
Surgical
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Hysterectomy ± oophorectomy (definitive, severe cases)
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