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Sustainable Management of Transport Systems chapter 11 - Coggle Diagram
Sustainable Management of Transport Systems chapter 11
11.1 Impact on the Environment
Changes to Physical Environment
Space required → vegetation cleared → habitats fragmented
Example: BKE divided Bukit Timah Nature Reserve & Central Catchment
Mitigation:
Eco-Link@BKE
wildlife corridor
Modification of landforms
Example: Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Airport → mountain levelled & land reclaimed
Increased Carbon Footprint
Transport = 25–30% of greenhouse gas emissions
Burning petrol → CO₂, methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs
Leads to enhanced greenhouse effect & global warming
Growing cities → expanding transport systems → higher footprint
11.2 Impact on People
Positive Impacts
Improved Mobility (esp. elderly & disabled)
Silver Zones → bright signs, slower speed, 2-stage crossings, centre dividers
Green Man+ → tap card → more crossing time
Wheelchair Accessible Buses → ramps, low-floor, 2 wheelchair bays
Negative Impacts
Traffic Congestion
Occurs during peak hours & near CBD
Slow vehicles → stress, frustration, longer travel time
More emissions → worsens carbon footprint & pollution
Health & Safety Risks
Emotional issues: stress, aggression, disturbed sleep, heart illness
Physical issues: PM pollution → asthma, lung infections, cancer
Road accidents: 90% of transport accidents → property, life, insurance costs
Public transport risks: overcrowding → theft, crimes, terrorist targets
Singapore: TransCom patrols MRT
11.3 Sustainable Management of Transport Systems
Laws & Policies
COE (Certificate of Entitlement) → controls car numbers → reduces need to expand roads
Road Pricing (ERP, tolls) → driving more costly → encourages public transport
Integrated Land Use & Transport Planning
Land Use Planning
Jobs, schools, amenities near homes → shorter travel distances → less car demand
Example: Punggol Digital Park near residential areas
Transport Planning
Forecast demand → build infrastructure accordingly
Ensure safe, affordable, convenient, eco-friendly transport
Example: Singapore’s Land Transport Master Plan → “20-minute towns”, “45-minute city”