Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 10: Transport Systems & Spatial Distribution - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10: Transport Systems & Spatial Distribution
10.1 What are Transport Systems?
Transport = Connects people & locations → supports social & economic activities
3 Core Components
Networks → airline, railway, road, maritime
Infrastructures → airports, interchanges, highways, terminals
Modes → trains, cars, buses, ships, planes
Characteristics of Transport Networks
Density
Nodes (bus interchanges, MRT stations, airports, ports)
Routes (roads, railways, maritime, airline routes)
More nodes + routes = denser → easier access
Quality of Infrastructure
Coverage → % within 1 km of a node; travel distance
Capacity → passengers/goods moved; size of infrastructure
Frequency → waiting time, delays, breakdowns
Convenience → barrier-free access, payment modes, smooth transfers
Environmental sustainability → construction impacts, emissions, eco-friendliness
Variety of Modes
Land (bus, car, train, bike)
Water (ship)
Air (plane)
✅ Non-motorised transport (walking, cycling) → eco-friendly, healthy
✅ Shared mobility (bike/car sharing) → efficient use
Accessibility
Travel time (short, easy transfers)
Cost (affordable travel)
How Do Transport Systems Support Connection?
Between Transport Modes
Unimodal → one mode only (e.g., MRT Sengkang ↔ Hougang)
Intermodal → multiple modes, seamless transfers (e.g., Dhoby Ghaut ↔ Marina South via MRT transfer)
Optimal use cases:
Road → short (<500 km), flexible, small volumes
Rail → medium (500–1500 km), large volumes, cost-efficient
Maritime → long (>1500 km), cheapest for bulk, but slow
Air → fastest, most expensive, for perishables/urgent goods
Intermodal connectivity → efficient + seamless passenger & freight movement, requires:
Planning
Quality infrastructure
Tech (tracking, monitoring, real-time info)
Between Cities
Point-to-Point → direct connections, no transfer (e.g., city A → city H)
Hub-and-Spoke → central hub connects to all locations (e.g., Changi Airport)
✅ Improves efficiency
✅ Less duplication of service
📦 Example: Changi = super hub, >1M tonnes freight/year