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10E Chemical tests - Coggle Diagram
10E Chemical tests
Gases
Hydrogen
lit splint amkes a squeaky pop
Oxygen
glowing splint relights
Carbon Dioxide
bubble through limeater - turns cloudy
Ammonia
Damp red litmus paper turns blue
Chlorine
Bleaches damp red litmus white
Cations
Flame tests
Li
Red
Cu
Green
Na
Yellow
K
Lilac/purple
Ca
Orange/red
Mg
Bright white
Ammonium
NH₄⁺
1) Add NaOH
3) Turns dam red litmus paper blue
2) Heat gently (forms ammoni
a
NH₃ gas)
Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺
Fe²⁺ dark green precipitate
Add NaOH
Cu²⁺ blue precipitate
Fe³⁺ orange/brown precipitate
Anions
Halide ions
1) Add dilute nitric acid
2) Add silver nitrate
Chloride ion
White
Bromine
Cream
Iodine
Yellow
Sulphates SO₄²⁻
1) Add Barium Chloride
2) White precipitate
Test for barium (add sulphuric acid --> white precipitate)
Carbonate ions CO₃²⁻
1) Add any acid (eg. HCl)
2) Carbon dioxide produced
3) Bubble through limewater - turns cloudy
Water
Physical test
pure boils at 100C
Chemical
Anhydrous white copper sulphate becomes hydrated blue copper sulphate