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Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Location: IN the text it said that in the middle east 2 great rivers flowed South. Also the text states that "Most of Ancient mesopotamia lay within the borders of Iraq." Today much other area consists of hot deserts, but in the past the land was fertile. (Steele 6)
Religion: The Ancient Mesopotamia was polytheistic, believing in many gods and goddesses. The Major ones being: Nanna, Enki, and Enlil. According to the text. "The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses." (Steele14)
Architecture: In the text it said that exaggerates were the most important piece of architecture. Also in the text the author stated that it represented a mountain stretching from the Earth to the heavens. Finally the text explains that they were used for worship of their god or goddess (Steele 24)
Government: In the text it said that they had a lord, governor, and a king. In the text it states that the reins of each dynasty were recorded on clay tablets. In the text it also said that everybody was expected to go into the military except thewomen. (Steele 10)
Art: The text says that in 3500 BCE they created pottery in the middle east. In the text it said "They created the potters wheel which made potter production more efficeint. " They created Bedouin. (28 Steele)
Writing: In the text Ancient mesopotamians had one of the earliest forms of writing. Cuneiform was their style of writing. According to the text"The Summerains devised the worlds first script or writing sytems.(Steele 12)
Ancient Egypt
Location: In the text it said that the people of Egypt lived along the Nile where they expected floods to fertilize the land. The Egyptians also lived on canals extending from the Nile. This area was called the "Black Land", which was named after the dark silt that helped their farmers grow their crops. (Hart 8)
Architecture
Religion: In the text it said the ancient egyptians were polytheistic. According to the text " Each of the 42 different administrative districts (or "nomes") had its own god, and there were many others besides." The author wrote the pharaoh Akhenaten viewed to vanish other gods His son restored them again (Hart 24)
Government: The text stated that the ruler of Ancient Egypt was called the Pharaoh. According to the text "The king was not only the most powerful and important man in egypt - he was thought to be a god. He was known as the pharaoh." (Hart 10)
Art: The Egyptians enjoyed music. According to the text "They had great public festivals at which music from flutes, harps, and castanets, and much wine was drunk." (Hart 50)
Writing: Ancient Scribes wrote using hieroglyphs, which were little pictures all with a different meaning. According to the text "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." I know this because historians have discovered the Rosetta Stone with thousands of these symbols. (Hart 34)
Ancient China
Location: According to page 40, ancient Chinese cities were usually built inside strong walls to protect the people and keep order. The cities were laid out in a grid pattern with different sections, and gates were locked at night to control movement. "The landscapes of imperial China was dotted with walled towns and cities."
Technology: According to page 24, "Paper and printing were possibly the most important Chinese inventions." Printing involved carving into wood and stamping onto paper. (Cotterel 24)
Government: "In 221 B.C. the Chinese Empire was formed" The government in ancient China was controlled by emperor Qin who had complete control over the land and people. Qin Shi Huang ruled very strictly and used though laws and forced labor to keep control on the empire. (Cotterel 16)
Commerce(Trade): On page 58 it said "International trade thrived because caravans could travel without danger." The silk road stretched across Asia and was a key to trade across many cultures. The silk road traded, not just physical things, but also knowlage. (Cotterell 58)
Art: According to page 56 China focused on skilled craftsmanship. Artists were respected members of society because of their work. "Art reveals the order of the world through the hands of its mistakes. (Cotterel 56)
Writing: On page 11, the text said that "Shang kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits on important matters." The people would use a ox bone or a tortoiseshell, and burn it until it cracked. They would read the cracks to find the anwser to their question. (Cotterel 11)
Religion: According to page 20 "Confucius believed that the early years if the Zhou Dynasty ewre golden years of social harmony." A lot of the King's power was taken away due to lords fighting each other for power. Confucius believed that a stable society would be born by paying respect to ancestors. (Cotterel 20)
