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Ancient Civilizations 
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said that Mesopotamia is located in what is today Iraq, Syria, turkey, and Iran. According to the Greeks, Mesopotamia means "between the rivers." Also, the text states that " Mesopotamia includes cooler mountainous regions in the north and reed-filled wetlands in the southeast." (Steele 6
Religion: On page 14 it said that the stars traveling across the night sky were cows of Sin or Nanna. Enlil was the father of the other gods. ¨Each city had its own special deint-Nippur had a great temple to Enili.¨ (Steele 14)
Archicute: On page 26 it said a massive terraced platform made of bricks. It represents the mountains that the reach from earth to heaven. ¨Ziggurats looked similar to the stepped pyramids of ancient Egypt.¨ (Steele 24)
Government: On page 10 it said City-state rulers were honored with multiple gifts. Sumerian rulers enjoyed great power.¨ SOme Rulers such as Gilgamesh of Uruk, became legendary.¨ (Steele 10)
Art: on page 26 it said that the ancient Mesopotamians were great at poetry, are, and music. According to the Mesopotamians Statues glorified rulers and famous battles. The text says, "The Mesopotamians liked to have a good time with their kids, their children used to swim in rivers and lakes."(Steele 26)
Writing: on page 12 it said when the first cities arose, people began to need documents of things like someone owning something or like a business deal. At first they used pictures to talk about things like fish or and castle. "The citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols and or pictographs." (Steele 12)
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Ancient China
Technology: On page 22 it says that in the middle ages many Chinese Inventions were carried along the Silk Road to Europe where some had an enormous impact. Also in this time paper and printing improved communication. Gunpowder changed the way in which battles were fought.
Art: An example is on page 56, the author says that the merchants sold handiwork, and artisans that were well through in China. They produced tools for agriculture and weapons for the army. The merchants also sold luxury items such as fine silk cloths, and decorated tableware. (Cotterell 58)
Commerce (trade)Trade flourished under the Mongol or Yuan dynasty. The Mongol emperors ruled China from 1279 through 1368. They controlled the entire length of the Silk Road a series of trade routes that went from northern China to Asia. (cotterell 58)
Government: An example is on page China is the world's oldest continuous civilization. From 221 B.C. too 1912 A.D. It was united under a single great empire.
Writing: On page 11 it said that the people would use an ox bone of a tortoiseshell for the oracle bones. They would scorch the bone, read the cracks, and discover answers. The Shang kings used the orical bones in order to speak with their ancestors. (Cotterell page 11)
Religion: An example is on page 12, the author stated "the king's authority was greatly reduced and ambition lords fought each other for power." The also stated, the confucius was to develop a new kind of mortal outlook. It was based on the kindness, respect, and family. (Cotterell 12)
Location: An example is on page 38, the author stated that many cities in Southern China were built/made on networks of canals. Most of these cities were crowded with junks and sampans. Most families built their homes on top of rafts or boats, and remained there for most of their life. (Cotterell 38)
Indus River valley
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Government:The Aryans lived in groups called ganas, which were collections of families ruled by a warrior chief called a raja. One of their biggest influences on modern India was creating the caste system, where people are born into a social class and can't change it. The four main classes were Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (farmers and merchants), and Sudras (servants), plus the Dalits or "Untouchables" who were considered the lowest and weren't even part of the caste system. (https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans)
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Religion: Religion: The Aryans came from Central Asia around 1500 BC and took over the Indus Valley, bringing their language called Sanskrit with them. We know about them mostly from epic poems like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, and from sacred texts called the Vedas. Their religion, Brahmanism, believed in many gods and later influenced Hinduism, which shares a lot of the same beliefs and rituals. (https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans)
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