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Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said That Mesopotamia is located within the borders of present day Iraq. Also we know that "Two great rivers flow southward through the Middle East." Within Mesopotamia there was a cooler mountain range in the north and wetlands in the southeast. (Steele 6)
Religion: On page 14 it said "The Sumerians worshiped many God and goddesses." The gods represented different things like Water, wisdom, and the moon. They wrote on clay to show their worship and dedication to the gods using pictures and cuneiform.(Steele 14)
Architecture: On page 24 the text states that the Lasting symbol of Ancient Mesopotamia is a ziggurat. We also know that "Temple platforms were being built at Eridu." Mesopotamia's Ziggurats were formed as sacred precincts. (Steele 24)
Government: On page ten the text said "The Sumerians own name for their territory may have meant land of the civilized lords." The rulers like having power and being famous amongst Sumeria. The rulers were given special clothing like hats and special made items. (Steele 10)
Art: On page 30 it explains that there are Babylonian laws presented in art using a stone. It listed the laws and the consequences for breaking them. On page 31 it is showing us how in Babylonia they have tablets that have their gods and meaning along with their sins on it. It would tell the Babylonians the good and bad symbols. On page 31 it says "This is half of a stone mold for making tablets. It comes from sippar and dates back to 1900 BCE or earlier." (Steele 30)
Writing: On page 12 it explains that early hunters did not need writing but as time went on and cities were built and they needed documents of who was the owner of the house. On the bottom of page 12 it says "The mesopotamians marked their property with small cylinder seals..." On the top of page 13 there is a diagram that has symbols with meanings of numbers and words. (Steele 12)
Ancient Egypt
Location: On page 8 it said ancient Egyptians lived on both sides of the Nile River. In the text it said that" desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt." The year began with the flooding of the Nile, which brought rich silt to farm the land. (Hart 8)
Government: On page 12 it said that some of the courtiers were relatives of the king. In the text it also said that " When they approach the king they often kissed the ground at his feet." Also the Pharaoh could relax at court during it. (Hart 12)
Religion: On page 24 it says "The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddess." Most and many of the gods are represented by animals. Each of the different districts had a different main God. (Hart 8)
Architecture: On page 20 it said "The first pyramid was built as the burial place of king Djoser in c. 2650 BCE..." The pyramid went 6 stages up. It was supposed to represent the stairway for the gods to walk up. (Hart 20)
Writing: On page 34 it said that scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, and elaborate form of picture writing. In the text it said "It was deliberately kept complicated so that not that much people could master it and the scribes kept their special position." Scribes also had to know how to write Greek, the language of overlords. (Hart 34)
Art: On page 56 it said "mines between the Nile and the red sea coast yielded large quantities of this precious metal. In the text it also explained "Goldsmiths also make patterns using a method called granulation, in which tiny granules of gold were attached to the object." The jewels stones were used for art because it was their way of expressing their art.(Hart 56)
Ancient China
Religion: On page 12 it says "Confucius believed that the early years of the Zhou dynasty were golden years of social harmony." Confucius believed that fighting was not the answer and saw how the kings power was greatly reduced because of knobles fighting for power. The increasing turmoil lead Confucius to develop a moral outlook. He based the outlook on kindness respect and strength.
Writing: On page 11 it said that "The Shang kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits." The people would use an ox bone or tortoiseshell, scorching it until it cracks. They would read the cracks to find the answer, ultimately inscribing it on the bone. (Cotterell 11)
Art: On page 56 it says how art is one of the things China is most known for. The text says "Chinese bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain were prized in Asia and Europe.” This shows that Chinese art was greatly appreciated. Also the text says that they make tablecloth and other art as well from ceramics and Jade. (Cotterell 56)
Commerce (Trade) On page 58 it said "Trade flourished under the Mongol empire." Also along with this Mongols controlled the enormity of the silk road. So, the Mongols ignored the Chinese government opinions. (Cotterell 58)
Government: Government: on page 16 it said, the Chinese Empire was formed in 221 B.C. The first emperor was Quin Shi Huang, and he ruled from 221 to 207 B.C. The text said "When he ruled he used his subjects as slave laborers to build the Great Wall." (Cotterell 16)
Technology:On page 22 it said "The first instrument for monitoring earthquakes was invented in 130 by Zhang Heng." The chinese invented many different things including a water powered blast furnace. They were the first ever to invent many things like the wheel barrow. (Cotterell 22-23)
Location: China is dominated by two great rivers. The yellow river in the north and the Yangtze in the south. The yellow and the Yangtze were linked by the Grand Canyon. (Cotterell 38)
