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Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said that Mesopotamia is located within the borders of what is today Iraq. Also I know that "two great rivers flow southward through the middle East." Within Mesopotamia, there was a cooler mountain range in the north and wetlands in the southeast. (Steele 6)
Religion: On page 14 the text states that "The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses." Also I know that each god or goddess for the most part represented different elements. Many people worship these gods and goddesses daily. (Steele 14)
Architecture: On page 24 the text states that the Lasting symbol of Ancient Mesopotamia is a ziggurat. We also know that "Temple platforms were being built at Eridu." Mesopotamian Ziggurats were formed as sacred precincts. (Steele 24)
Government: On page 10 the text states that "City-state rulers were honored with various titles, such as en (Lord), ensi (Governor), or Lugal (King)." Also I know that the ruler enjoyed fame and power. Their religions were recorded on a clay table. (Steele 10)
Art: On page 44 the text states that as Mesopotamia arose "Hunting became more of a ritual." Within Mesopotamia the animals used in the ritual had to be worthy. I also know that farming began to replace hunting. (Steele 44)
Writing: On page 12 it states "The citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols, or pictographs." Also on page 12 it states "people began to require records of ownership, business deals, and government." Also on page 12 it states "The Sumerians devised the world's first writing system. (Steele 12)
Ancient Egypt
Location: On Page 8 it said that ancient Egyptians lived on both sides of the Nile River. In the text it said that "Desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt." The year began with the flooding of the Nile, which brought rich silt to the farm land. (Hart 8)
Achecture: On Page 20 it states that the first pyramids built as burial chambers for the Kings. The text also states that "It rose in six stages and is called the Step Pyramid." The pyramids were used to protect the pharaoh's body. (Hart 20)
Religion: On page 24 it says that the Egyptians worshiped hundreds of gods and goddesses. The text says that "Overall the sun god was the dominant deity in Egyptian religion." Amun Re was the protector of the gods and pharaohs when he went on military missions. (Hart 24)
Art: On page 56 it states that Egyptian Jewelers had zero knowledge about the stones. The text also states that "The gold could be beaten into shape or cast molds." The area where the gold was found held large quantities of precious metals. (Hart 56)
Writing: On page 34 it states that "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphics, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." Also the text states that the writing was kept complicated. There was a different form of writing for contracts, letters and stories. (Hart 34)
Government: On page 12 it states that "When people approached the king they, often kissed the ground before his feet." Also the text states that upper class Egyptians would often throw a royal celebration. Every once in a while the king would just want to relax on this throne. (Hart 12)
Ancient China
Location: On page 10 it states that "The Shang Kings Ruled the greater part of northern China..." The majority of the people live near the fertile land of the Yellow River. They did this for their agriculture. (Cotterell 10)
Technology: On page 22 it says that "emperors pushed the development of science and technology." Many of these inventions were carried along the Silk road. Some inventions they had included paper, printing and gunpowder. (Cotterell 22)
Government: On page 16 it states that the Chinese Empire was formed in 221 B.C.. The first emperor was Qin Shi Huang, and he ruled from 221 to 207 B.C.. The text said "When he ruled he used his subjects as slave laborers to build the Great Wall." (Cotterell 16)
Trade (Commerce): On page 58 it states that "Trade flourished under the Mongol empire." Also along with this Mongols controlled the enormity of the silk road. So, the Mongols ignored the Chinese government's opinions. (Cotterell 58)
Art: On page 56 it states that art is one of the things China is most known for. The text says "Chinese bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain were prized in Asia and Europe.” This shows that Chinese art was greatly appreciated. Also the text says that they make tablecloth and other art as well from ceramics and Jade. (Cotterell 56)
Writing: On page 11 it states that "the Shang Kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits." The people would use an ox bone or tortoiseshell, scorching it until it cracked. They would read the cracks to find the answer, ultimately inscribing it on the bone. (Cotterell 11)
Religion: On page 12 it states that "This increasing turmoil led Confucius to develop a new moral outlook." Confucius is a major part of china's religion. He encouraged ancestor worship because it states that it strengthens family. (Cotterell 12)
