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Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Location on page six it said, Mesopotamia is located within the borders of what is today Iraq. Also we know that"two great rivers flow southward through Middle East." Within Mesopotamia there was a cooler mountain range in the north and wetlands in the southeast. (Steele 6)
Religion: On page 14 the text states that "The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses." Also I know that each god or goddess for the most part represented different elements. Many people worship these gods and goddesses daily (Steele 14)
Architecture On page 24 the text states that the Lasting symbol of Ancient Mesopotamia is a ziggurat. We also know that "Temple platforms were being built at Eridu." Mesopotamia's Ziggurats were formed as sacred precincts. (Steele 24)
Government On page 10 it said the regions of each dynasty were recorded on clay tablets known as king lists. Also We know that the kings were expected to be brave military commanders and builders of great cities. Sumerian kings claimed to rule by the will of the gods. (Steele page 10)
Art: On page 44 the text states that as Mesopotamia arose "Hunting became more of a ritual." Within Mesopotamia the animals used in the ritual had to be worthy. I also know that farming began to replace hunting. (Steele 44)
Writing So on page 12 it states"citizens in Uruk they were writing about 700 different symbols, or pictographs." Also on page 12 it states"people began to require records of ownership, business deals, and government." On page 12 it says"The sumerians devised the world's first script or writing system."(Seele 12)
Ancient Egypt
location On page 8 it said that ancient Egyptians devolved on both sides of the Nile river. In the text it said that "desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt." The year began with the flooding of the Nile, which brought rich silt to the farm land. (Heart 8)
Religion On page 24 it said that many of their gods that they believed are represented by animals. In the text it said that " each of the 42 different administrative districts had its own god." They also had difficulties with remembering who is who because they believe in hundreds of gods and goddesses. (Hart 24)
Architecture On page 20 it said "The first pyramid was built as the burial place of king Djoser in c. 2650 BCE..." The pyramid went 6 stages up. It was supposed to represent the stairway for the gods to walk up. (Hart 20)
Government On the page 12 it said that some of the countries were relatives of the king. In the text it also said that "When they approach the king they often kissed the ground at his feet." Also the pharaoh could relax at court during it. (Heart 12)
Art On page 56 it said "mines between the Nile and the red sea coast yielded large quantities of this precious metal. In the text it also said " Goldsmiths also make patterns using a method called granulation, in which tiny granules of gold are attached to the object." They also imported stones from mines in the trade routes. (Hart 56)
Writing On page 34 it said that scribles had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, and elaborate form of picture writing. In the text it said "It was deliberately kept complicated so that not that much people could master it and the scribles kept their special position." Scribles also had to know how to write Greek, the language of overlords. (Heary 34)
Ancient China
Religion: The emperor's power was reduced due to lords fighting for other power." Confucius encouraged ancestor worship because it strengthened family loyalties." Buddhism was more popular. (Cottrell 12-26)
Commerce(trade): On page 58 it says "trade flourished under the Mongols." The Mongol emperors ruled from 1279-1368, and permitted merchants to trade freely. They controlled the entire silk road. (Cotterell 58)
art: Chinese people do a lot of art in their free time. "They produced tools for agriculture and weapons for the army as well as luxury items." They made the luxury items for the king and rich people. (Cottrell 56)
Government: In ancient China they had an emperor/king ruled over the land. These kings sometimes had Nobles, that means the king's closest family or friends would rule part of the land, but the king still got the taxes. This drought turmoil because the nobles always wanted more land and power so they fought each other. (Cottrell 16)
location: The location of ancient China is by two great rivers. "The yellow river in the north and the Yangtze river in the south." The rivers allow people to grow a lot of rice.
(Cottrell 38)
Technology: In ancient China they had an emperor/king ruled over the land. These kings sometimes had Nobles, that means the king's closest family or friends would rule part of the land, but the king still got the taxes. This drought turmoil because the nobles always wanted more land and power so they fought each other. (cotterell 16)
Writing: An example of writing is the oracle bone, which was used by shang kings. Individuals would burn the oracle bone. it would crack, and answer questions about their ancestors. these were created from ox bone or tortoiseshells. (Cotterell 11)
Indus River Valley
Location: The Ancient Indian
Government:The ancient Indian government had a caste society system. This means that the people were put in a group and were treated differently according to their class. The highest class was the BRAHMANA, then Kshatriya, next Vaishya, second to last Sudra, and lastly Dalits "Untouchables". (
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
)
Writing:
Architecture/Technology:
Religion: In the source it says that "The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic. Also heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism." Brahmana was the so called leader and gave out money to hard workers so people praised them.(
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
)
