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Ancient Civillzations image, (Indus River Valley) - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civillzations 
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said that Mesopotamia is located within the borders of what is today Iraq. Also we know that "two great rivers flow southward through the Middle East."Within Mesopotamia, there was a cooler mountain range in the north and wetlands in the southeast. (Steele 6)
Religion : On page 14 it says that the Sumerians worshiped many, many gods and goddesses. They thought that the stars moving across the night sky were cows Sin or Nanna, the horned Moon god. "Enki, the god of water and wisdom, was thought to live in an underground ocean called the Apsu." (Steele 14)
Architecture: On page 24 it says that a ziggurat is a lasting symbol of ancient Mesopotamia. A ziggurat is a big terraced platform made of mud and straw bricks. "Ziggurats looked similar to the stepped pyramids of ancient Egypt, which were used as royal tombs, but they served a different purpose." (Steele 24)
Government : On page 10 it states that the Sumerian's own name for their territory, Ki-en-gir, could have meant "land of civilized lords." A few rulers such as the ruler of Uruk, Gilgamesh, became legendary and their history was woven with all kinds of myths. "The regions of each dynasty were recorded on clay tablets known as king's lists." (Steele 10)
Art : On page 28 it states that the Mesopotamians had mastered molding clay into simple clay pots by the eighth millennium. Some time before the 3500 BCE they invented a tool called the potter's wheel which made production more efficient. "Vessels were shaped by expert potters on the rotating wheel, then fired (baked hard) and dom- shaped kilns." (Steele 28)
Writing: On page 12 it says that when the first cities arose, individuals began to require records of business, ownership, deals, and government. The Sumerians made the world's first script or writing system called Cuneiform. "At first they used picture symbols to represent objects such as cattle, grain, or fish" (Steele 12)
Ancient Egypt
Location : On page 8 it said that ancient Egyptians lived on both sides of the Nile River. In the text it said that "desert covers more than 90 percent of ancient Egypt." The year began with the flooding of the Nile, which brought rich silt to the farm land. (Hart 8)
Religion : On page 24 it states that the Egyptians worshiped many, many gods and goddesses which means that sometimes it was difficult to work out who was who. It also says that many of the gods and goddesses were represented by animals. "Overall, the Sun god was the dominant deity in Egyptian religion, although he could take different forms." (Hart 24)
Architecture : On page 28 it states that presumably, the Pharaoh was supposed to do the duties of the high priest in every single temple in Egypt, but normally his place was taken by the chief priest. It also states that priests had titles to indicate their rank or power. "Priests at lower levels could be called "Pure Ones" or "God Fathers" and would have the responsibility of serving on the temple rota system, maintaining the temple's property, and keeping administrative records." (Hart 28)
Government : On page 10 the text says that the king was not only the most important and powerful man in Egypt but he was also thought to be a god. It also said that he was referred to as the Pharaoh, which is a word that derives from a respectful way of referring to the king by describing him as the "great house" (per-ao), meaning the palace where he lived. "The queen of Egypt could also be seen as a goddess but was usually given the title of "Great Royal Wife"-only rarely did women rule Egypt in their own right." (Hart 10)
Art : On page 56 it says that you can see all of the glint and gold everywhere in ancient Egyptian jewelry. It also states that mines between the Nile River and the Red Sea coast yielded some of the largest quantities of this precious metal. "They also imported stones." (Hart 56)
Writing : On page 34 it states that scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, which is an elaborate form of picture writing with about 700 different signs. It also says that it was deliberately kept complicated so that not too many people could master hieroglyphs. "Hieroglyphs were used on state monuments, temples, tombs, and religious papyri." (Hart 34)
Ancient China
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Commerce (Trade): On page 58 it says that trade thrived under Mongol, or Yuan dynasty. It also says that the Mongol emperors ruled China from 1279 to 1368 and let merchants trade freely throughout their big empire. It also says and I quote "International trade routes that ran from northern China across Asia. (page 58, Cotterell)
Religion: On page 10 it said the first Chinese dynasty was the Shang. They ruled the northern part of China from about 1650 to 1027 B.C.. "The Shang ruler was a kind of priest-king, known as the Son of heaven," (Pg 10 Cotterell)
Art: On page 56 it says that China rulers controlled the supply of raw materials, such as bronze, jade, silk, and more. Since they owned these they had factories that had skilled artisans that applied their crafts to these materials. They wouldn't just make random things, they would produce tools for agriculture and weapons for the army. ( Pg 56 Cotterell)
Government: On page 16 it says that in 221 B.C. the ancient Chinese empire was formed. It also says and I quote "The Qin soldiers defeated the last of their enemies and united the "warring states" under one leader, Zheng." Zheng forced his slaves to work long hours building the Great Wall of China. (page 16, Cotterell)
Location: On page 6 it said "China is the world's largest continuous civilization." Because of its massive deserts and mountains, China was isolated for centuries and didn't discover other major civilizations until 126 B.C. Great thinkers like Confucius taught people to prioritize family and live an organized life. (Pg. 6, Cotterell)
Technology: On page 22 it says that in the middle ages many Chinese inventions were carried along the silk road to Europe where some had an enormous impact. Also in this time paper and printing improved communication. And gunpowder changed the way which battles were fought. (Cotterell 22)
Writing: An example of writing is the oracle bone, which was used by Shang kings. Individuals would burn the oracle bone, it would crack, and answer questions about their ancestors. these were created from ox bone or tortoiseshells. (Cotterell 11)
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