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Ancient Civilizations ![image](attached://6fc1831533cc06d0328d649e6c415f2…
Ancient Civilizations ![image](attached://6fc1831533cc06d0328d649e6c415f26 150x1
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said that
Mesopotamia is located within the
borders of what is today Iraq. We also know
that "two great rivers flow southward through
the Middle East." Within Mesopotamia, there
was a cooler mountain range in the north and
wetlands in the southeast.
(Steele 6)
Religion: The Sumerians worshipped many Gods and Goddesses, They believed the stars traveling across the night sky were the cows of Sin, or Nanna, the horned moon god. (Steele 14)
Architecture: An example of ziggurats and temples. A lasting symbol of ancient Mesopotamia is the ziggurat, a massive terraced platform made of brick. It represented a mountain, stretching from earth to the heavens.
(Steele 6)
Government: The land to the north of Sumer was known as Akkad. Sumer and Akkad were very similar, although Akkadians spoke their own language. (Steele 22)
Art: The Mesopotamians mastered many technologies and crafts at an early point in history. They were molding clay into simple pots by the eighth millennium BCE. (Steele 28)
Writing: An example of Sumerian writing is early people who lived as hunters and nomads did not need written records. As the first cities arose, people began to require records of ownership, business deals, and government. The Sumerians devised the world's first script or writing system.
(Steele 12)
Ancient Egypt
Location: On page 8 it said that ancient Egyptians lived on both sides of the Nile River. In the text it said that "desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt." The year began with the flooding of the Nile. which brought rich silt to the farm land. (Hart 8)
Government: The period we normally think of when we hear "Ancient Egypt" is most likely the time when Egypt was ruled by Pharaohs, after 3100 BCE. Before Pharaohs, people practiced farming, writing, and built several villages. (Hart 6)
Religion: The Egyptians worshipped hundreds of different gods and goddesses, and sometimes it is difficult to work out who was who. Many of the gods are represented by animals. (Hart 24)
Architecture: The first pyramid was built as the burial place of King Djoser in c. 2650 BCE, by his gifted architect Imhotep. It rose in 6 stages and is called the Step Pyramid. (Hart 20)
Writing: Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs. It was deliberately kept complicated so that not many people could master it and the scribes kept their special position. (Hart 34)
Art: The fertile mud deposited by the annual Nile flood allowed farmers to grow barley and emmer wheat, the mainstay of the Egyptian diet. Stored in granaries, these crops were turned into bread or beer. (Hart 48)
Art: China has always been known for its arts and crafts. On page 56, it says that in imperial China, luxury goods were commonly made of Chinese bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain. (Cotterell 56)
Location: In most Chinese homes, three generations would usually live under one roof. On page 42, it says families followed strict codes of conduct, which reflected from their house layouts. (Cotterell 42)
Technology: Paper and printing are probably the most important inventions in China. On page 24, it says Cai Lun, head of imperial workshops in A.D. 105 was the one who manufactured it. The first paper was made from silk rags. (Cotterell 24)
Writing: On page 11 it said that ¨shang kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits.¨ In order to find out answers to questions, the ox bone or tortoises shell was scorched until it cracked. Finally, the answers were inscribes on the oracle bones. (Cotterell 11)
Religion: On page 16, it says the first ever emperor of China was Qin Shi Huang. China having an emperor was a major part of their religion, and their government as well. (Cotterell 11)
Commerce: On page 66 it says Chinese people have maintained their cultural identity throughout history because of a stable social structure and a 4000 year old writing system. (Cotterell 66)
Government: China is the world's oldest and continuous civilization. On page 6, it says that China has existed since 221 B.C. Ancient China was untouched by everybody else because it was a world apart. (Cotterell 6)
Indus River Valley
Location: Over 5,000 years ago, a civilization developed along the Indus River. In South Asia, due to the large amount of fertile land
