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Ancient Civilization
Location
Location: An example is Mesopotamia was located between two rivers. Also, I know that" most Ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern lraq." During antiquity the soil around the rivers was very fertile. (Steele 6)
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Art: The author wrote that the Mesopotamians were really good with technology and crafts. Also we know that "Using low, horizontal looms, women wove cloth from wool, then linen, and, from the eighth century BCE, cotton", They also were working with a lot of metal work
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Architecture: In Mesopotamia they made architecture called Ziggurats. I know this because on page 24 it says "They were massive terrorist platforms made of bricks" They were
Religion: For much of its history, Mesopotamia was not a single, unified empire but a collection of independent city-states, each with its own ruler. These early governments were theocracies where a king or priest-king ruled as a representative of the city's good. Eventually, certain rulers, like Sargon of Akkad and Hammurabi of Babylon, established larger empires that centralized power and created standardized codes of law.
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Mesopotamia
Location - An example is on the banks of the Nile, the river would flood making the land fertile. In the text is says that "the farmers went to work sowing barley and emmer wheat." Egyptians had to live near the Nile because more than 90% of Egypt consists of desert. (Hart 8)
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Writing
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writing: An example of writing is the oracle bone, which was used by Shang kings. Individuals would burn the oracle and answer questions about their ancestors. These were cread from ox bone or tortoisehells. (Cotterll 11)
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Ancient China
Location: Ancient China was united under a single great empire. Vast deserts and mountain ranges cut off China from other cultures in India, West Asia, and Europe, and many hundreds of years passed before the Chinese realized in 126 B.C. that other civilizations existed. Ancient China remained untouched by outside influences because it was a world apart. (Cotterell pg. 6)
Writing: The inscriptions on bones and shells-called "oracle bones"-recorded divination used by the Shang royal house
Religion - Confucius developed a new moral outlook. It was based on kindness, respect, and the strength of the family. He said that a good ruler should set and example by dealing fairly with his subjects, using force only as a last resort. In return, subjects had a duty to respect and obey their ruler. Confucius believed that family relationships should also be governed by mutual respect, since strong family bonds formed the basis of a stable society. Confucius encouraged ancestor worship because it strengthened family loyalties. (Cotterell pg. 12)
Art - Calligraphy, poetry, and painting were known as the "three perfections." The Song emperor Hui Zong led the way toward transforming writing into an art form. He developed an elegant style of calligraphy called "slender gold." (Cotterell pg. 30)
Commerce/Trade - The Mongol emperors allowed merchants to trade freely throughout the empire. They controlled the entire Silk Road. Caravans could travel without danger. Chinese merchants made large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk, spices, tea, porcelain, and lacquerware. (Cotterell pg. 58)
Technology - Chinese inventions were carried along the Silk Road to Europe. Paper and printing improved communication. Gunpowder changed the way in which battles were fought. A harness for graft animals revolutionized agriculture. Boats were equipped with the magnetic compass, the sternpost rudder, and watertight buoyancy champers were able to embark on great voyages of discovery. Other Chinese inventions that made the world a different place were paper money, clockwork, silk, porcelain, fireworks, kites, umbrellas, and the wheelbarrow. (Cotterell pg. 23)
Government - The text also states that the first emperor of china was called Zheng. He boasted over his won wars and showed that he was far superior. He often treated his people as saves and made them treated his people as saves and made them work for him. (Cotterell 16)