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Topic 2 - Resource Management & Sustainable Production - Coggle Diagram
Topic 2 - Resource Management & Sustainable Production
2.1 - Resources and Reserves
Renewable Resource - natural resource that replenishes faster than the rate of human consumption (Non-renewable is the exact opposite)
Renewability - resources that are inexhaustible (replenished quick enough)
Reserves - Natural resources that have been defined by quality and quantity
2.2 - Waste Mitigation Strategies
5Rs (Re-use, Recycle, Repair, Recondition, Re-engineer)
Re-use: Using a product more than once
Repair: Reconstructing an existing structure/device
Recycle: Using material from obsolete products to create another
Recondition: Rebuilding a product as if it is new (replair, clean ad replace parts)
Re-engineer: Product that is significantly redesigned (i.e. materials are now environmentally-friendly)
Pollution - Introducing contaminants into the environnment + Waste - Unwanted materials; discarded after primary use
Product Recovery - Separating component parts of a product, to recover the parts and materials used
Circular Economy - Model where resources remain in use as long as possible (maximizing value extracted and the materials recovered). Embodied energy also has to be considered.
Design for Assembly: Recovery of materials and components
Biomimicry: Design inspired by nature in favor of diversity and no waste
Cradle-to-Cradle: Looking at the whole design and manufacturing process (centering on products being remade) / Cradle-to-Grave: Considering the environmental effect of a product from production to disposal
Dematerialization - Reducing the total material and energy throughput of a product (reduces raw material and waste generation)
2.6 - Eco-Design
Eco-Design - Design strategy focused on energy, materials and pollution/waste
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) - Assessment of a product's environmental impact. It is split into 5 stages: pre-production, production, distribution, utilization, disposal
Pre-Production: Obtaining natural resources, can be polluting
Production: Processing of resources and shaping to make products
Distribution: Taking product from factory to warehouse to store to package
Utilization: A product's use and effect on the environment
Disposal: Product's materials and method of disposal can have environmental consequences
Environmental Impact Assessment Matrix - The matrix is useful for designers of eco-products and systems
Design for the Environment (DfM) - allows designers to carry out LCA and assess environmental impact of a product
Product Cycle - Every product goes through introduction to withdrawl. This is split into 4 stages - Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline
Converging Techologies
2.3 - Energy Utilization, Storage & Distribution
Embodied Energy - Total energy required to produce a product
Energy Utilization - Method that energy is used
National & International Grid Systems - Electrical supply distribution network (national/international)
Energy Distribution - Method that energy is transported from a source
Local Combined Heat & Power (CHP) - System continuously generating heat and electricity from combustion of fuel
Systems for Individual Energy Generation - Ability for an individual to use devices and create small amounts of energy to run low-energy products
Quantifying Carbon Emissions
Mitigation - Human intervention in reducing carbon emissions
Quantification - recording emissions
Energy Storage
2.4 - Clean Technology
End-of-Pipe Technologies: Technology that reduces pollutants and waste at the end of a process
System Level Solutions - Solutions that are implemented to deal with the whole system, rather than components
Drivers for Cleaning-up Manufacturing
Legislation - Laws considered collectively to address a certain topic
Incremental Solutions - Products that are improved and developed over time - leading to new versions/generations
Radical Solutions - When a new product is devised by going to the root problem and thinking about a solution
Clean Technology - Products that reduce waste and require the minimum renewable resources
2.5 - Green Design
Green Design - Designing products with reduced environmental impact throughout its life
Drivers for Green Design
Consumer Pressure - Collective individuals that hold similar viewpoints on topics like the environment
Green Legislation - Laws based on conservation & sustainability principles that are followed by designers in creating green products
Principles of Environmental Law
The Prevention Principle - Avoidance/minimization of product waste in relation to the product, use and disposal of a product
The Precautionary Principle - Anticipating problems in relation to environmental impact of a product