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THERMOREGULATION, REFERENCES - Biozone internal book, lesson notes, learn…

- - - - keep internal temp within narrow range optimal range (37 C)
    - - prevent enzymes and metabolic processes from denaturing or stopping/ slowing
        
        too hot
        
        too cold
    - - protect organs from temp extremes
    - - efficent
        
        nervous
        
        cardiovascular
        
        activity in exercise
        
        muscular
        
        rest / environmental stress
  - - - central - thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood and core temp
      - peripheral - thermoreceptors in the skin detect temp changes
    - - hypothalamus compares current temp to set temp 37 C
        
        starts corrective response if deviation
    - - blood vessels - vasodialtion / vasoconstriction to alter heat exchange)
      - muscles - shivering generates heat
      - sweat glands - promote cooling
      - endocrine system - thyroxine + adrenaline increase metabolic temp
- - - - vasodilation
        
        more blood to skin
        
        → ↑ heat loss
      - sweating
        
        evaporation cools skin
      - reduced muscle activity
        
        → ↑ metabolic heat
      - behavioural
        
        seek shade and fluid + remove clothing
  - - - vasoconstriction
        
        less blood to skin -> conserves heat
      - shivering
        
        rapid muscle contractions generate heat
      - hormone release
        
        adrenaline / thyroxine ↑ metabolism
        
        Thyroxine - long-term metabolism control (↑ basal metabolic rate → heat production)
        Adrenaline/noradrenaline - short-term heat generation under stress
      - behavioural
        
        add clothing + huddle + find shelter
- - - - Feedback mechanisms overwhelmed in extreme conditions