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AAST 355 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The film justifies western exploration. When readings resistant to the idea are rare, readers appreciate these if they can realize the racism in the film.
        
        star's gave a different meaning than a film, it is incoherent, Asian American pleasure can be located in tension between racist text and Kwan's star image
        
        Robert meets Suzei who is a prostitute from china. The film shows the stereotypes of all chinese women are prostitutes, chinese men are asexual, and suzie is submissive and robert has american more superiority
        
        Some rupture in the narrative through suzies casual descriptions of poverty and abuse expose colonial violence. Roberts inability to understand these realities show the films inconsistencies.
        
        its important to interrogate how racist texts can produce pleasure rathe than dismiss it.
        
        Kwan recognizes critics but still defends her role, fans try to recuperate Kwan are contradictory. Kwan is a symbol that Asian Americans cannot fully reject.
  - - - yellow face persists into the 20th century with recent works being in 2014. it is not seen as offensive as black face.
        
        these portrails in us films and media reinforce orientalist ideas and frame asians as foreigners.
        
        the difference is emphasized through costumes, behaviors, and storylines.
        
        film makers try to get around it by casting white actors and not changing their faces but that is taking asian acting jobs away
        
        made-up asians reflect both Hollywood's use of the stereotypes and how asian american actors being forced to perform restrictive roles due to their race
        
        This leads to a lot of pushback from asian american filmmakers, critics, and activists.
  - - - Three Cinemas
        
        Aesthetics and innovation
        
        Diverse influences
        
        Production collective and democratic
        
        Asian American Independent media
        
        Achievements and limits
        
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        Inspired by third cinema, Asian American students formed VC to democratize film production.
        
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        Third cinema rejects hierarchy production models, promotes collaboration and inclusion of subjects in filmmaking
        
        Methods were hard to sustain under authoritarian regimes and censorship
        
        Third cinema synthesized multiple artistic traditions across the globe into one category, seen in pg 31, list of the variety of artistic traditions and representations
        
        Technical and economic limitations allowed for creativity and eventually political power (pg 30 has a great point where grainy film that may be used as a last resort in first cinema can be used for stylistic signifiers, the first thing that comes to mind is memory scenes)
        
        Seen in Espinosa's "for an imperfect cinema" where he argued that technical imperfection expresses authenticity and resistance. The idea is that imperfection became an aesthetic of liberation/activism against the capitalist view of perfection
        
        First cinema is studio based like Hollywood and focused on profit and spectacle/ Second cinema is independent, artistic but limited to aesthetic critique. Third cinema aims to politically awaken viewers in hopes of a social revolution. Blurs boundaries, styles and techniques that overlapped among the three (pg 30)
      - A radical politically engaged film movement that arose across Latin America, Africa, and Asia advocating socialist and anti-colonial ideas (page 29)
        
        Emerged from post WWII, influenced by Bandung conference. Different from first world capitalist cinema and second world art media. Its defined by ideologies like socialist and decolonial (pg 29)
  - - - Stereotypes
        
        Evidence
        
        Primary role is to teach Mika chinese history, songs, and customs
        
        Memory archive scenes where it shows Yangs emotional depth and memories, challenging the stereotype of asians being emotionless
        
        Mika feels disconnected from her heritage, reflecting the films focus on adoption, identity, and belonging
        
        Scene alaysis
        
        1hr 10 mins shows yang teaching Kyra about butterflies and what they mean in ancient china, showing how he was bought to teach Mika about her heritage. This touches on two sides of the story in my eyes. Adoption from parents who are not the same race as their child which want Mika to know about her heritage. While this is a good thing, instead of learning about her heritage with Mika together, they buy Yang to teach her. Turning the culture of China into an object or thing that can be bought.
        
        34:30 shows the dad experiencing yangs memories for the first time and eventually finding out how vast they are. Yang does not appear to be a robot at first, he is dancing with the family and treated like a member of the family, yet throughout the film, we are reminded by Kyra and the dad sometimes that he is a robot, something they bought and needs to be fixed. In this attempt to fix Yang, the dad find his past memories and see's him as a human/member of the family. He starrts to experience grief and starts to try and understand him more. Showing a direct contrast to the Model Machine Myth
        
        Connections
        
        To go further on my point about by buying Yang, the Chinese culture was reduced to an object or something that can be bought, we can connect this to Color as Hue and Color as race, as well as, In search of Asian Americans in Cinema through the objectification of asian culture. In Color as Hue by Peng we see how technology favored the white color as normal but made other colors more exotic and the US film industry dressed AA actors in these colors to have them look more exotic and blend into the background more as seen with Lotus Flower, treating the culture as an object or an aesthetic. The same can be said with Desai's argument which described how yellowface turned Asian Culture into an aesthetic or a mask, this is seen with Fu Manchu as well.
        
        Asian culture as information, yang is purchased to teach about chinese culture, reducing it to lessons
        
        Model minority, yang is calm, obedient and gentle/wise
        
        Asian identity is treated as something that can be bought and sold
      - The film questions what it means to be truly alive, it investigates this through Yangs memories, emotions, and relationships
        
        The film explores how Yang is a real family member even though he is an android
        
        The child Mika is chinese and Yang's job it to be her cultural guide, helps her questions what it means to be chinese
  - - - Steroeotypes
        
        evidence
        
        "im sorry its a girl" 14:43
        
        by going to different universes, Evelyn is exploring what her life could have been
        
        "You are still hung up on the fact that I am gay? "
        
        Nothing matters in the scheme of the universe (1hr and 1minute)
        
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        Scene analysis
        
        connections
        
        Connects to Hypersexuality in Representation because the author advocates for different forms of sexuality to be depicted in media to further the opportunities in representation for AA women. EEAAO is the perfect example of this due to the start where Joy's sexuality is seen by her family as something shameful, however, through the story where Evelyn learns acceptance for herself and others (googly eyes) she tells Gong Gong and is proud of her daughter, ending the movie on a high note. Basically depicting different sexualities as a good thing and opening the doors for other AA actors to portray other sexualities and have more access to them
        
        The scenes for the IRS connects to AKA Don Bonus through capatilism/systemic racism becoming a barrier for immigrant families to recieve the proper help. In EEAAO, the IRS is very uninterested in helping Evelyn and wants to get the situation over as soon as possible, only telling her that things are wrong and not how to fix it. This is something similar to AKA Don Bonus where in the school scene, the teacher could not care less that he was failing and did not offer to help him. Similar to the cops showing up extremely late when their window was broken
        
        14:43 depicts the doctor giving Gong Gong Evelyn as a baby and stating "Im sorry its a girl". This depicts traditional/stereotypical gender roles of Asian families wanting sons. Incredibly important when taking into account the trauma that Evelyn feels when she is trying to make her dad proud, in attempting to do so she is becoming her dad and acting like him to Joy and continuing the generational trauma.
        
        1 hr 50 seconds Depicts Evelyn embracing the googlie eyes, seeing things from her husbands perspective and breaking away from the traditional generational trauma. By her embracing the googlie eyes it means Evelyn being able to find joy and meaning in her life. This connects with her being able to accept her daughters sexuality and break away from the generational trauma she has experienced and show how proud she is.
        
        Model Minority myth is challenged, through the depiction of the divorce document and the apartment in disarray at 3:39
        
        Commanding female and submissive male stereotype depicted throughout movie
      - Family Pressure
        
        Non hetero relationships seen through the relationship with becky
        
        Identity
        
        Acceptance
        
        Everything bagel
        
        generational trauma
        
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  - - - Argument
        
        Methodology
        
        Evidence
        
        Significance
        
        Shows how activism in the form of media transformed and opened new doors for representation over the decades.
        
        Connections
        
        Connects to Hooks who argued that film is not just entertainment, the audience is both a participant and a critique. Film is a way for one to question reality and film reflects social norms that can be critiqued. Films are a learning experience. Transformers shows depicts how Asian American cultural identity is the experience of mixing both your homeland and where you currently are. It shows the pushback from the initial Chan is Missing, to then better luck tomorrow which critiqued stereotypes like the model minority, and finally EEAAO which gave a change for AA cinema to be weird and display different sexualities. This is exactly what Hooks talked about, through media over these years these three films laid the ground work for the next one, and with EEAAO, this allows future AA cinema to be quirky, weird, and represent different sexualities and finding solidarity for different communities.
        
        Asian American "soul" referred to on page 2
        
        the middle paragraph on page two links this line of thinking about how Cinema mirrors society with Hooks
        
        The middle paragraph on mage 2 describes how Chan is missing encompasses the raw emotional power of the fall of I hotel and Eat a Bowl of Tea's strong relation to china towns life.
        
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        examines the history of Chan is Missing and how that influenced the author and history
        
        Examines how Chan is missing resonated with the community
        
        Looks at how better luck tomorrow became a film that was relatable to the community and overwrote stereotypes
        
        Asian Americans were missing a cultural identity, but it takes the form of an embrace of both homelands and eclectic diasporic encounters (the experience of mixing both your life at your homeland with the culture of where you currently are) Chan is missing embodies this
        
        Better luck tomorrow is the middle point, beginning to get past some of the old stereotypes
        
        EEAAO is the next step, giving Asian American Cinema the chance to be weird but original
      - Chan Is Missing in 1982. Better Luck Tomorrow in 2002. Everything Everywhere All at Once challenged the already existing stereotypes and norms
        
        Chan is Missing laid the ground work, exemplifying the true Asian American Identity of different cultures being blended together
- - - - The analysis focuses on how asian americans are seen as the racial other in America.
        
        Scholarly essays have been written looking how film has racialized
        and sexualized abjection, fear, anxiety, and desire of asian americans
        
        Asian Americans have harnessed films to rewrite the representation to be their own, this is achieved through analysis, reframing's and claiming a voice.
        
        Seen through documentaries like Slanted Screen and Slaying the Dragon that show how Hollywood reinforced derogatory and discriminatory figures.
        
        to respond to the misrepresentations, asian americans (artists, activists, and scholars) banded together to establish asian americans in cinema and filmmaking, to correct any misinterpretation.
        
        This led to the two pronged approach. They want to be visually represented and be represented by asian americans.
        
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- - - - Richard is the husband introduced by dim-bright lighting, maybe putting the white male in a more favorable light?
        
        He is a stock broker/ investor (broke)
        
        The wife Edith introduced in an all white background (maybe symbolizing purity?) very small amount of introduction screen time
        
        Wife wants to buy something but they dont have enough money, wife complains she needs the money or she will lose social position
        
        Richard is told he works to hard and he is ignoring his wife
        
        red cross wants her a treasurer to get a loan from Arakau for the ball
        
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- - - - The term "Asian is infact a western term and does not appear in asia. The term "asian" is a grouping term that takes away what makes each society unique and lumps them under on umbrella.
        
        It took generations for asian immigrants to realize the racism of them being grouped under on term. Further more, Asian American culture is the same in terms of the term. Further more, terms like Japanese culture and Korean culture are similar. Where it doesnt recognize the differences per region and how the culture per region and language might differ.
        
        It is similarly difficult for media representation because drawing a distinction for asian american movies specifying if the asian american was a Chinese American or a japanese american opens a more complicated door of recognizing that if they are from different places they might need to be distinguished.
        
        Problems in festivals arise as the critics and festival coordinators lump all asian american films together treating them as one entity.
        
        The market looks at the asian face and doesn't look further. So what makes an Asian American Film and Asian American film? Cant answer because the definition keeps changing depending on the person.
        
        the difference between asian american and asian Canadian films is blurred and often clumped together.
        
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- - - - colonialism uses steriotypes as a type of tool that they use to cause discourse.
        
        Steriotypes are not just good or bad, they are both. It is about how the steriotype is shaping the way people view the affected.
        
        To solve colonial ideals like steriotypes we must understand why they happen, Colonialism relies on people percieving steriotypes as the truth, where the affected party is both admired and mocked, once its studied we can find ways to fix it
- - - - People that go to the movies has their f]lives change and they learn from the movie
        
        Its hard to get people away from what they know but movies provide that wait because they give a sense of movement, pulling away from the familiar
        
        Movies are the platform that allow diverse audiences to have a dialog about the issues of sex, race, class and have them a shared experience
        
        A film can have both viewpoints, this allows the audience to critically think about what message they receive
        
        A distinction is needed between the power of viewers interpretation of film that helps them relate to every day life and the particular film strategies the film employs
        
        to think critically doesnt mean to not enjoy the movie,
        
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- - - - some were disturbs about the lack of color difference of Anna May Wong
        
        The color is described a pallid that was given to the complexion of the chinese, it shows there's a defect in the coloring scheme
        
        on pg 289, colour cinematography follows 2 roads, 1 exposes white privileg in representation of colour technologies, mean the portraying the white skin is the most important thing. 2 is the analysis of the pfenomenon of chromophobia, or loathing of colour, fear of contamination or corruption.
        
        ornamentals is racialized femininity constructed as ornamental, blending of object and person. 289
        
        The toll of the sea shows this where it sometime shows the same skin color but sometime shows skin color slightly changed.
        
        page 291 describes that the term natural colour was not about showing the truly natural but it being shaped by choices and priorities of the eprson at the time
        
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- - - - not that much of a difference in color
        
        a lot of floral themes, lotus flower is warned by a villiger that nothing is given by the sea for free
        
        He offers to take her to the US, in a garden
        
        their love grew like the flowers in the garden
        
        She is not the first honorable wife of the american. interesting word choice, like a prize
        
        no difference in skin color but in surroundings and outfits
        
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- - - - Asian and American women both suffer from excessive hypersexuality in representation. Can see this with things such as the cheat with Edith falling to desire and not being her own independent character.
        
        The top of page 15 suggests that women as well as asian women are trapped in these hypersexual roles. It says these roles of hypersexuality are both punitive and pleasurable. My question is, pleasurable to who? Obviously male audiences, but as seen in works like the cheat, the world of suzie wong, and daughter of the dragon, these female roles only serve to aid the male leads and these women are only there to add onto the male character rather than be their own stand alone character
        
        The author argues that asian women in order to find their identity must address/confront these hypersexual images in their representation. This is due to the fact that this representation is tightly tied to asian american women, that it is all people see when looking at them. The author argues that these representations should be examined to understand race, sex, and representation
        
        Due to these representations being hard to separate from Asian American Women, we should look differently at it to see how to make this sexuality political. This will be through representing other sexualities in media, which will change how Asian American Women are depicted. This can be seen in later films such as EEAAO and Saving Face where alternative forms of sexuality are viewed as a good thing, even if it is viewed initially as wrong in the start of the movie, the endings always show the main theme of family acceptance
        
        Violence against AA women and their sexuality is well documented throughout history, these depictions of sexuality in media has power. Seen in the shaping of politics with chinese prostitutes leading to Page Law. As well as War brides and Picture brides.
        
        The author argues that sexuality and representation can be studied by Feminist AA women but it has to specifically define sexuality or it might get caught up in the agenda of moralism. These sexual depictions such as lotus blossom (toll of the sea) and the dragon lady (daughter of the dragon) can be viewed as bad, negative, or dangerous
        
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- - - - shows white man as resionable, she speaks very broken english, while he makes no intention of trying to speak chinese
        
        all robert took away from their conversation was her name and that she was a virgin (only sees her for sex)
        
        shows lots of white sailors with asian women
        
        finds suzie wong but she claims she doesnt know him
        
        suzie jumps from man to man to get money and survive. Does the steriotype of asian women are sexual
        
        she made up that she is somebody important so she could feel special
        
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- - - - white characters replace the asian heroes. Asian settings because secondary for white discovery and asianness becomes acceptable when it affirms to whiteness
        
        whitewashing tied to colonial impulses: replacing asian roles
        
        asiannes seen as exotic for white peole to see and masked a appreciation
        
        Hollywood is dominated by white executives which leads to a white centered casting and story telling
        
        non-white actors have limited roles due to their race while white actors have more flexibility
        
        this symbolism hurts Asian representation and humanizing. Asian Americans internalize inferiority due to erasure and stereotypes.
        
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- - - - Polyculturalism
        
        Racist Stereotyping of Asians
        
        Model minority
        
        Asian activism
        
        Anti-imperialism through bruce lee movies
        
        Third world identity
        
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        Lee's films inspired young AA that they can be powerful like him and fight imperialism (page 64)
        
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        Asian American activists rejected assimilation and joined the fight against racism and imperialism as seen through their support of the Amerindian taking Alcatraz
        
        red guard party, yellow brotherhood
        
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        US culture replaced exclusion with model minority myth. Asians seen as obedient, hard working, and passive
        
        Due to cold war science and industry, Asians were encouraged to immigrate, seen as valuable for their productivity but not treated as equals
        
        media portrayed asians as successful but silent, hardworking and emotionless
        
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        US film industry portrays asians under racist stereotypes, made Bruce Lee go back to Hong Kong to start his career, initially as strange, then with admiration as good workers, page 56)
        
        Kato was demoted to a background character even though he had superior skills, Lee was angry due to him having to play more background character yet being so skilled, also seen in page 58 when he was rejected from a role for being "too chinese"
        
        Asian characters shown to be passive and exotic (pg 58). Asian characters seen as sneaky (fu manchu), sexless or submissive (lotus blossom)
        
        Lee was rejected from Kung Fu because the directors said America wasnt ready for a chinese lead and the networks were not ready for a chinese hero
        
        Bruce Lee defied western stereotypes by showing his characters as not weak, submissive or mysteries (page 63 shows his characters as heros)
        
        He trained and collaborated across racial lines, his students were of all races and this shows that martial arts could unite rather than divide (from class)
        
        Rejects orientalist expectations by playing lead roles, being assertive, and speaking philosophical rather than broken english
        
        Polyculturalism reflects the belief that each person is connected
      - Western thinking claims that cultures have pure origins but this belief is rooted in colonial ideologies
        
        Prashad shows how everyday culture is mixed like indian food depends on American crops. No isolation.
        
        Biological race purity is not real but cultural purity is still used through ideas of authenticity. page 53
        
        Anti racism must recognize this constant blending rather than preserve authentic culture
    - - Racism with a distance describes how people praise diversity only when it stays separate. Life with other cultures food, clothing, ect. Puts up an invisible wall between races page 52
        
        Vijay suggests Polyculturalism, where cultures overlap through migration, colonization, and resistance. page 53-54
- - - - Background music includes gong
        
        reliance on drugs to tame white women
        
        East vs west
      - Globalizing Anti-Racism
        
        Interracial mingling
        
        White and Asian Intermingling
        
        The tournament featuring fighters of different races (Black, white, Asian), becomes a stage for polycultural solidarity rather than racial hierarchy
        
        Williams represents a forward black representation, proud, political, and unafraid to confront racist police, as seen in his opening scene.
        
        Roper, a white American gambler, joins Lee’s cause, symbolizing potential allyship when privilege gives way to moral conviction.
        
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        Scene analysis
        
        Connections
        
        Connects to Daughter of the dragon through the similarities and differences of the depiction of AA men. In this movie, AA men are depicted as strong, well versed, philosophical, smart, and disciplined and commanding. Daughter of the dragon depicts the detective Ah Kee who is all of these things yet there are two massive differences. Firstly, Ah Kee while helping the police, is not accepted, he is treated as an outsider, while Lee's character intermingles with Robert and is accepted by everyone. Furthermore, Ah Kee while he is commanding he is still depicted as submissive, is this the same as Lee being disciplined? I dont believe so, he shows that he can do the things Ah Kee cant but he chooses not to, things like not engaging in sexual acts with the women in the movie
        
        26:25 and slightly before depicts williams walking through a dojo filled with both mixed and black men, this could symbolize a peak into the community of a different marginalized group. It also reflects the films goal of combating racism and ignorance through depicting not only different communities but by having williams, lee, and robert work together it shows interracial mingling. Williams then gets followed by the cops who attempt to fight/kill him, targeting him because of his race, this could be interpreted as williams fighting the systemic racism by him beating up the racist cops
        
        15:02 shows william's dead body being depicted in a brutal way along with william's death is the wake up call Robert needs to go back on the right side. His brutal death symbolizes Han who represent colonial power, killing williams who represents black radicalism, it shows what happens when a community is divided and tries to tackle a corrupt system alone. Hammering home the point that unity is important in the fight against colonial racist systems
        
        Main lead is an asian male,
        
        island controlled by Han, a corrupt martial arts master exploiting people through drugs and slavery, serves as a metaphor for global systems of exploitation, echoing colonial and capitalist oppression.
    - - Smart, not foolish,
        
        not submissive or mystical but disciplined, intelligent, and in command
- - - - Humanity
        
        Dynamics and racial performance
        
        Virgil is seen as the least polished, he becomes the scapegoat if something goes wrong like how society blames individuals rather than the system
        
        Internalized racism/group targeting is present in the group as they see Virgil's messiness as a threat to their image as perfect Asians.
        
        Scenes analysis
        
        connections
        
        Connects to Ling Moy because she is the depiction of the dragon lady, seductive, scheming, and dangerous, this relates to virgils depiction of the anti-model minority which he is volatile, dangerous, and emotional. I find it interesting how in order to critique and go against the stereotype of the model minority it starts to get closer (not the same) but closer to the older dragon lady stereotype.
        
        5:44 and throughout the movie shows ben trying to perfect his sat score to be the best and get into a good college, it depicts how powerful stereotypes are through how he believes that getting into a good college is all that matters and explains how easily he got hooked on breaking that stereotype through acting out and drugs. This is because it is not only something different but also is a way for him to be free of that pressure of the Model Minority.
        
        21:35 depicts ben receive support due to the journalism article written about him and advocating for affirmative action in sports, the scene of the students holding signs during the game that said "we want Ben" shows community and the support of the community for each other
        
        1hr 7 mins depicts the hooker running out of the room as the anti-model minority (Virgil) comes after her with a gun, acting erratic. Shows how Virgil is the complete opposite of the model minority. He is rash, quick to anger, lashing out, volatile
        
        Stereotypes paint Asians as emotionless overachievers, but the film shows the internal struggle and emotions he is experiencing. As well as his need for validation
      - Stereotype of having to have good grades and get into a good college. Puts pressure on him to do well and act as the model minority.
        
        HE FEELS INSICURE SINCE HE CANT perform to that ideal and turns to becoming a social outcast, then turning to prove himself through violence and crime
    - - he still tries to go back to the good side but keeps being dragged back in.
        
        Shows the societal pressures of wanting to fit in and having back influences around you. The acting out shows how the stereotype of being perfect affects people.
- - - - caused by yellow peril and the bombing of pearl harbor
        
        People robbed Asian Americans who were put into internment camps.
        
        live reenactments had to happen because cameras were not always present. Not as much hate but curiosity for what would happen to them
        
        Caused generational trauma
        
        Houses were uprooted and stolen and valuables were stolen
        
        Japense were seen as almost magical, they made barren farm land prosper and farmers used pearl harbor to drive them out of california 24:10
        
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- - - - Asian americans and the left
        
        Memory, Loss & Redemption
        
        Connections
        
        Connects to Don Bonus through the failure of the US system to protect immigrant families from capitalism and racist structures. In Don Bonus the public school doesn't care about him or his circumstances, he tries to interact with his teacher who failed him in the past and they do not respond kindly. Further more, police intervention is non-existent, and there are a clear lack of government aid to help marginalized families in life. Just like how capitalism takes priority in the international hotel rather than the residents. Shows how the larger fight of human rights are trampled on by capitalism and corporate land rights.
        
        Connects with history and memory through the trauma of loss, just like in history and memory, the trauma of losing everything and being forced to live in internment camps is very prevalent, while having almost no photos or records to show what happened. Memories is all they have left and trying to reclaim that memory is the way that they heal, just as in this reading that shows that the eviction caused severe trauma of them losing all their belongings, and through the attempts to reclaim their home and positive memories through activism, the I-hotel became a senior housing, showing how resilient the community is
        
        Author experiences trauma because of guilt they struggled with finishing the project, showing how emotional and important the attempt at saving history was.
        
        Telling the story of the I-Hotel is a way to restore the community and remember the Manongs
        
        Young activists from the Vietnam protests began to protest the I-hotel's distruction and this provided a way for them to reconnect with their lost history
        
        Students created organizations and rented out storefronts in the I-Hotel, creating more community and linking the youth with the elderly
      - Page 2 describes how the anti-eviction movement started with first gen immigrants and planted the seed of activism when resisting corporate expansion
        
        common history helped solidify the bond with the new and old generation's identity and purpose
        
        Page 3 talks about how much of the city was supporting the I-hotel that it was a fight for housing rights vs property rights, a fight for the rights for the poor and working class. Shows the intermingling of Races towards one single purpose.
        
        Activists stopped the creation of parkinglots and office buildings
    - - I-hotel allowed for a stronger Filipino American community, making intergenerational bonds through the struggle of keeping the manongs in their homes
        
        For the youth it was a way to recover the past and honor the first generation and for the elderly, it was a sign of a promising future they sought to achieve
        
        Big victory with the buying of the area and building of the I-Hotel Manilatown Center by MHF, which serves to show the history of the Filipino community in the area and the fight to save I-Hotel
- - - - general
        
        Police did not agree with what was happening
        
        Manong is a person who ventured to america first, a trail blazer
        
        I hotel was the home of immigrants of various types
        
        "Projects must be hard hitting and cant be slow"
        
        "I dont think America is Cruel" even though they were evicted, they did not hold malice towards america.
        
        why the movie was made
        
        "Do you feel white"
        
        tells what the community was like and emphasizes how long they have stayed there
        
        Depiction of the community
        
        Manila town was very vast with many asian owned establishments that helped eachother, every convo adds a nearby place
        
        they moved Victorian buildings but wiped out everyone else, used imminent domain
        
        increased rent caused community staples to close
        
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        fall of community
        
        hotels closed down and only 8 remained, I hotel was not expensive and gave a sense of community
        
        10 blocks of manila town was reduced to the one block
        
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        Scene Analysis
        
        Connections
        
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        10:15 depicts the bar that the manongs hung out at and the bar owner that was being interviewed said they hung out there during the recession, they slept there and made soup, if we take this scene and connect it with the scene around 4 minutes where we were shown the room, we can see that even though they do not have a lot of possessions, community fills that void and allows them to float and survive. This is made more evident when a new community is formed across races trying to save the I-hotel
        
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      - Subject to racist laws, third wave of Asian Immigrants
        
        Film depicts them as hard working, strong, but most importantly kind and human.
        
        No asians in the military were officers, no interracial mingling, frowned upon. Used as scape goats
- - - - Family
        
        Education
        
        Don has graduation to look forward too, it symbolizes hope for moving forward even though there are disadvantages
        
        Cinematic choice
        
        Don addresses the camera often, reflecting on experiences of loneliness, racism, and frustration. This monologue reveals his internal conflict between feelings of pride due to his survival and pain of him being excluded. Shows themes of self representation, and having a voice
        
        By showing scenes like him crying it adds a powerful component to the film and makes it more relatable
        
        scene analysis
        
        2:20 depicts the guidance counselor reading off how he is missing several credits and he needs these to graduate on time. My question is why didnt Don know sooner? I interpret this as the system failing him because he was not informed sooner until this point before graduation, the school system did not try to keep him on track and he now has to scramble because there are not the proper supports in place. While it is hard to understand, the guidance counselor and teacher depicted next become agitated and boarderline rude, showing the reluctance of them to help. I think this also reflects the greater system being reluctant to help Don's family later on in the film
        
        28:40 depicts the community event of the Cambodian new year where Don talks about his brother ignoring him and how he misses his brother. He starts to cry as well. It shows a very human side of Don and connects with the audience. Extremely powerful way of presenting the story by leaving it in. Shows how the brother has to be away most of the time, like the mom, to support the family and his family because the system wont help them. Relate back to a broken system unable/unwilling to help marginalized communities
        
        Connections
        
        Cambodian new year scene connects with I-hotel through the community aspect. Everyone got together to put on the Cambodian new year and feel connected as a community to support each other. Just like how in the fall of I-hotel, manongs and young Filipinos as well as other people from other races came together to form a community to support the manongs
        
        Connects to the reading "in the afterglow of regenerative violence" through third cinema. In the reading it says that third cinema hope to politically awaken viewers for a social revolution. Don Bonus is a third cinema film because it shows how marginalized communities and immigrant communities are struggling due to lack of support and the complete indifference or ignorance of the system. It is not only a story of the community but a call to action that things need ot change
        
        Reflects Don's burden to care for his siblings while his mom works, as well as, the tension with the step father and how he doesnt care about the kids, this is seen with him describing how he has to take care of his younger siblings, grandmother, and younger sister
        
        Neighbordhood violence
        
        As depicted in the scene: 5:50 Don's family is constantly surrounded by violence and are worried about the dangers posed to eachother. Don talks about how his brother was shot in the neck just for looking out the window and later complains how the police are usually no where to be found when they are needed in the area. Showing the systemic failure to support immigrant families. Emphasized by him saying at 9:20 that he is afraid to go on walks in the neighbordhood
        
        Generational gap is shown when Don admits that usually his family does not talk about their problems and that its just not something they do. By him talking about it he is showing his wish for change as well as the differences in the generation
      - Don experiences racism at school from classmates and teachers as well as neglect as seen in the scene at 2:10 where the guidance counselor loses patience with Don and his teacher in the next scene calling him the R slur, shows the barrier of education and lack of support by institutions for young refugees
        
        Film shows how Don's family is poor and lives in a bad area, the police do not respond quickly and do not care about them. Emphasized by him being put on an answering machine when calling 911
        
        14:50 describes how he has to take a 50 minute bus ride to school, the system does not have many bus routes to his area probably because the area is low income. No other mode of transportation is offered to get him to school
    - - 25 minutes shows the pressure on young immigrant youth to perform well to help out their family and make a better life for themselves. The scene depicts Don saying you should have payed more attention and asked more questions with his ultimate goal being to graduate
        
        27:36 shows the cambodian new year and the community of people that go with it. How no matter how bad things get, the community gets together to celebrate the new year together. I also interpret this as Don trying to still stay true to his cambodian heritage as well by attending this event and hanging out with AA students
        
        39 minutes shows the challenges of assimilation in America becuase as described by Don, other races dont like them and treat them badly, calling them racist slurs, showing that even though they are making an effort, they will be seen and treated as different and not american
        
        The ending is both happy and sad, with him graduating, the future is looking brighter, however, it is also overshadowed by his brothers arrest reflecting the unfair system he has to go up against, he feels like he doesnt disserve this graduation because his family cant come
- - - - Evidence
        
        Connections
        
        Connects to the reading of Bruce Lee anti-imperialism and Enter the Dragon through the goal Suzie Wong had of creating more representation. In the reading, Suzie wong traveled to china, said she was married to art, and learned multiple languages, all this to leverage different roles that put new representation for AA actors, just like Bruce Lee who pioneered new representation of AA men so they can be depicted as something other than weak, subservient, and asexual as described in the reading
        
        page 4 said "she died a thousands deaths" highlighting how there were only two roles for AA women actors that only ended in death
        
        page 4 looks at Anna May Wong's films shes been in and discusses how limited they were when jumping between dragon lady and butterfly.
        
        Wong's career encompasses both the stereotypes and even though it provides a lot of content for critics, it is important to understand the actor as well and look at the film other than viewing it as positive/negative imagery
        
        page 5 describes how the author questions how the taste shifts from Dragon lady to butterfly. Each stereotype is supposed to be backed by real behavior even though it is not, if AA women dont follow the stereotype
        
        Seen with the author describing the mass amount of ways AA men are depicted negatively and how the use of yellow face to also display these hurtful imagery.
        
        1 more item...
      - Analysis of how David Hwang, Jessica Hagedorn, and John Yau's responses as consumers/analysis of critic responses
        
        analysis of cross media explorations
        
        examination of star discourse through press releases, posters, press books, ect
    - - analyzing the evolution of the depictions of Anna May wong and her career follow the evolution of critic's attitude towards film images of AA people from hollywood.
        
        During the time, AA men have been depicted as either Asexual, disinterested in sex, evil, or racist, making impossible for AA men or women romance plots to end well.
        
        while Wong's view is still needed as a way to combat these damaging stereotypes, but they are trapped with the assumption the the role of film is to reproduce the world how it should be
- - - - Model minority myth
        
        Traditional Asian Parent (Wil's mother being strict, conservative, but later gains depth and personality, humanized the character)
        
        Social norms (other sexualities seen as wrong, Asian women must follow the man and must have a man if they have a kid)
        
        Family Pressure
      - Scene Analysis
        
        18 mins, shows the grandfather asking "you wont tell us who the father is?" "come back when you have a husband to match the child" This reflects what is seen as ok, they are not concerned about her or how the baby is doing, they are concerned about societal norms and how their family will be seen. It is taboo for the father not to be in the picture and so to be accepted again she must try dating a marrying other men. At the end she goes with the man she truly loves, this isnt just a happy ending but a way of changing what is deemed as ok, since movies connect and teach audiences to critique societal norms, this is a way to get the audience to see the struggles of the Chinese community depicted and the societal norms, allowing the audience to make their own interpretations and to desire change
        
        1 hr 24 mins Vivian is leaving for paris and says as she walk away "you are too scared to look the world in the eye" "kiss me" the daughter Wilhelmina looks concerned and looks around worried more about what society thinks than her love for Vivian, once again she is held back by societal norms and Vivian leaves. This is part of a huge theme of sexuality which showed how hidden non traditional relationships had to be in immigrant communities to not shame their family, this austricezes them if they do come out and this pressure makes them keep their relationships hidden
        
        Connections
        
        Connects to Hypersexuality in representation because in that reading it described how AA actors are limited in roles they could play due to harmful stereotypes and that to break these stereotypes, more sexualities must be depicted to allow more diverse roles for AA actors, Hooks argues that Films are a way to critique social norms, they turn the audience into both viewers and active participants in the critiques. This connects to the scenes through the depiction of how queerness is not welcome in minoritized communities and shows the struggles of Wilhelmina and Vivian as well as the mother to find love and be accepted back into the community. By showing these points the director is offering for the audience to form their own decisions and critique current social norms. It also opens the doors for new roles for actors to place as it depicts new sexualities. This means new roles as seen with EEAAO with Joy.
        
        This point follows along with the reading Transformers where in that reading it discusses how three movies helped shift representations of AA communities and form a new Identity for them, as well as open new roles. This relates to saving face because by depicting a queer couple in a positive light, they are opening new role opportunities for other actors
      - Evidence
        
        2:30 depicts Wil as a prodigyin surgery, both the profession and being talented are desired by society and she most likely had to go into the medical field due to societal pressures, emphasized by the next scene where the mom gets told by her friend that her son is rich but cant get anyone, saying his accomplishment as a proud feat/brag
        
        Family pressure scene in multiple scenes but first scene at 6:50 where Wil meets Ramond and they both look over the forced matchmaking and they are both matter of fact asking about what is viewed as important by societal norms (job, money)
        
        17:55 the grandfather is pacing talking about how the mother shamed them by getting pregnant and not revealing the husband, shows the social norm that Asian Women must have a husband and its taboo to not and have a kid. Shows also the family pressure when she is forced to start seeing other men to get back into the family circle later in the movie
        
        19:47 "dont come back until you have a husband to match"
        
        39:20 shows Wil miss Vivians party due to a surgery, I interpret this as her taking the surgery on purpose because she is still hesitant about expressing her sexuality, even if its not outright, in public due to the social norms she was taught and the pressure of family abandonment/shame
        
        1 more item...
    - - Sexuality (portrays lesbian relationships as hidden from immigrant community
        
        Family and acceptance (The mom struggles with this when she is pregnant but doesnt reveal the father, and Wil experiences this with having to keep her sexuality hidden)
        
        self discovery
- - - - Methodology
        
        Evidence
        
        Significance
        
        reveals how deeply race and tech intertwine in American history. Shows model machine myth as a tool of US and white nationalism
        
        Explains modern stereotypes. shows how there is a history of dehumanizing Asians
        
        Connections
        
        Obvious connect to Robot stories, where in the first scene where Archie is depicted as an emotionless office worker (model machine), and is made fun of for not having any emotions yet he begins to learn from other around him and eventually shows he is his own person in the robot sex scene. Just as states in the reeding, AA were depicted as machines who lacked no emotions, perfect for working and nothing else. Machine Love is a film that critiques this and does it so well that it makes it feel like a foreign idea when it was an idea made in the US during the 19th century and as early as the days of Einstein whose diaries described chinese people as "Automations".
        
        Connects with After Yang and Model Machine Myth because he is initially depicted as a life like member of the family until we go to the actual interactions with him and the parent where we realize he is a machine. However, in the attempt to please the daughter, they discover that even though he is a machine, he still had a life and memories. This is where the family feels grief and the dad processes this grief by going through Yangs memories. This contradicts the Model Machine myth because through the movie we see that even though he is initially treated as not human and a machine, he still has memories and somewhat emotions that makes him the same as everyone.
        
        Einstein's travel diaries which described chinese people as filthy, automatons, herd-like
        
        College admissions described asian americans as quasi robots programmed by parents
        
        19th century chinese laborers described as performing inhuman feats
        
        Uses historical analyses across the world, cultural studies, racial theory, colonial history, focuses on symbolic language, economic processes, and ideology
      - Asian as automaton is longstanding and has history before modern robotics
        
        Standard frameworks like model minority are too narrow; the automaton image is well rooted in time and global contexts
        
        Asians not only dehumanized but their humanity was reconfigured into a mechanical form
    - - Associates Asians with technology, efficiency, and robotic labor
        
        Model Machine Myth: US specific, techno orientalism, relates asian racialization to mechanization.
        
        Asians are framed as not fully human allowing for US/capitalism to exploit asian labor and exclude
- - - - Opens with descriptions of adds for new tech and then depicts an asian american man who is devoid of emotion
        
        adds robot whirling noises too.
        
        depicts an asian american man stressing (showing emotion).
        
        "he just delivered himself" 46:12, depicts him as an object
        
        49:28 (placed in the corner away from humans, alienation)
      - Scene Analysis
        
        Connections
        
        The way archie reacts initially where he is stoic and emotionless connects both with Model Machine Myth as he is depicted as not human, a point further driven home by the machine noises when he moves. But also depicts the Asian Male stereotype of being submissive, this is seen where when the two office workers were making out, they made him watch initially and then made him turn around, making fun of him. Through him following their directions he appears both to be submissive and machine like.
        
        Stark difference to Ben in Better Luck tomorrow, who is the direct opposite of archie, Ben is a emotional, disorganized clearly human, who has community but seeks to single himself out as the greatest. While Archie seeks a community and initially does not show emotion. I find it interesting that both films critique similar things but depict this critique in massively different ways (machine love does it subtly while Better Luck Tomorrow is extremely direct)
        
        44:17 depicts a stark contrast that is definitely on purpose, Archie is sitting there with a stoic face observing his surroundings but otherwise, not appearing human, then it cuts to a man crying, showing a lot of emotion. Right away the theme is apparent, Model Machine myth where AA are not seen as humans because they do not show emotion
        
        57:45 depicts Archie and the female robot interacting where once they see each other, they begin to repeat all the negative things said about them (creepy ect). Eventually hugging and having robot sex? This depicts the sense of community trauma where a community forms through shared experiences and this seeking of community is what archie was seeking the whole film
    - - Asian Americans have their own agency and emotions, humanizes them
        
        Archie wants human connection but cant because seen as a object rather than person.
        
        Alienated and treated as inferior, reflects how marginalized groups feel this way/ social excluded
        
        Archie is trying to figure out who he is and what he wants beyond his tasks. depicts the boundaries blurring between human and machine
- - - - Evidence
        
        Immigration act raised the model minority stereotype usage. After 9/11 it eroded the rights of the liberties of targeted minority and gave the stereotypes more power while labeling them as threats.
        
        Changez changed from international student to model minority corporate worker to terrorist.
        
        Asiatic Barred Zone excluded middle east and a large part of south asian countries from entering US
        
        Page 235 discusses the ways Hamid used narration to achieve suspicion for the suspected terrorist and how Sohn plans to analyze the film in his paper
        
        Page 248 describes how Changez's love for America disappears when he realizes that he will always be seen as exotic and foreign
        
        1 more item...
        
        234 talks about how in history the US has excluded other countries like Lebanon and Palestine, categorizing them as Asian
        
        Significance
        
        shows how the model minority and terrorist stereotpyes are part fo the same logic
        
        shows post 9/11 racial tension and categorization of threats through broad descriptions
        
        Shows how race and narrative interact and contributes to racism in post 9/11
        
        Question
        
        This coincides with the failure of the relationship with Erica, because Erica in the film treats him as a exotic thing to be photographed, as outline in the reading, after 9/11 it becomes apparent to Changez that he will always be an outsider, by Erica not considering him apart of the culture and something exotic, his strongest tie to America is gone as he sees the person who he trusted the most, considers him an outsider
        
        connections
        
        Connects to History and memory because in History and Memory Julian the narrator, described how Asian American families were treated with hostility, that they were thrown into internment camps for just their appearance. While this reading relates to that because people of arab descent or just appearing as brown, were subjected to harrassment, and shows how the south asian man shifted from a model minority to a suspected terrorist. Now they are viewed are foreign and dangerous even when they has done nothing
        
        Connects to the reluctant fundamentalists as shown in the reading through Changez turning from the ideal co-worker, American, and boyfriend. To a danger who had to be questioned and subjected to random searches, questioning, and suspicion. Also connects to Daughter of the dragon in the way that Ana May Wong's character was seen as a exotic beauty and Changez was treated as an exotic object to be painted by his girlfriend
      - It closely analyzed Reluctant Fundamentalist through the framework in Asian American Studies and racial formation studies.
        
        Anna Hartnell's analysis of religion is used in the reading and built on as said on pg 233
        
        uses scholarly works about arab/south asian/muslim american racism after 9/11
    - - 9/11 blurred distinctions between south asian, arab, muslims and blurred through shared surveillance and racial anxiety. But this has also been apart of history as well.
        
        Changez moves from Model minority to terrorist in an instant, highlighting the forever foreign title placed on him
        
        Hamid's use of the unreliable narrative is employing brown peril narrative discourse, meant to make the viewer un easy and un-trusting of the information from a suspected terrorist. Reflect perfectly with the points already said about the suspicion of certain groups after 9/11 seen on 248 and earlier in the article
- - - - Evidence
        
        Airport scene
        
        Office behavior changed where one described the religion as only for terrorists and killers, the breakup where she used him for his exoticness, the protest scene showing the anti-american sentiment rising
        
        scene analysis with connections
        
        51:56 depicted Changez being stopped by airport security for a "random" search while his white coworkers and clearly american coworkers are free. Connects with Model Minority Terrorist through the introduction of "Brown Perril" where because Changez was brown he was subjected to invasive interrogation and searches. Even though he had not done anything wrong, he was profiled because of his skin, as the reading said, the stereotype changed from south asian men being a model minority to being seen as a dangerous, foreign threat. This same point is driven home in 1:17:46 where he was mistakenly taken in by the police because he had the same skin color as a suspect.
        
        56:41 depicts Changez in a resturaunt where two men were talking about how a guy was shot just because he was brown stating "it is dangerous to have a beard or a turbin". He then turned to Changez and said "not a problem for you" noting his suit. This sort of alienation connects to the experience of the main character and her mom in Saving Face. Where due to her mom having a kid and no husband, she was cast out of the community and felt the social pressure of being engaged to someone who society deemed "suitable" (rich and having a good job". While the main character who is gay, chose to obide by society to stay within the community, if she did come out as gay like in EEAAO, she would be austrocised, where she is not white, and not accepted by her community, the way Joy felt, alone.
      - Muslim = terrorist stereotype
        
        Brown Perril, depicted with changez being searched at the airport while his white counterparts went through
    - - Shows the suspicions and islamophobia after 9/11.
        
        Capitalism is depicted through Changez becoming disheartened with his corporate job and questioning the ethtics of his work
        
        Both sides misinterpret eachothers motive and values, seeing eachother as the enemy
- - - - Methodology
        
        Evidence
        
        An example in the US it gives is on page 3 which introduced the "china man"
        
        Page 4 depicts how a popular 2014 show had two white actors in yellowface
        
        social movements such as #whitewashedOUT and #StarringJohnCho (page 5) show how the asian american community responded to the white washing choices in the 20th century
        
        Yellowface perpetuated through things like CGI
        
        1 more item...
        
        connections
        
        Connects to in search of Asian American because in the article by Feng, where Feng discussed Asia changed from being a place to an aesthetic in the eyes of western society. Used like a mask which is exactly what describes the persistence of Yellow Face in the 20th century and it being used in things like shows and in Fu Manchu, where Fu Manchu was played by a white actor
        
        Film industry analysis of films that use yellow face such as ghost in the shell)
        
        looks at casting choices of films
        
        as well as examining things such as representation and marketing
        
        Examining historical theatrical works to trace Yellowface (history of the chinaman)
      - Hollywoods practices whitewashing through casting white actors in asian roles, erasing asian identity and history, and through white centered narrations in asian settings using them as exotic spectacles
        
        They also use "Asianness" as a costume or aesthetic rather than a lived experience.
        
        Technology has also been used to exclude asian american actors and enforce yellowface
        
        Yellowface is used as a exclusionary tool to enforce the asian "otherness"
- - - - Evidence
        
        As seen on page 2, at first "fresh off the board was supported by activists but the title invited criticism. The positive POV wanted to keep the show going to open up more opportunities for other Asian American shows, however the title is also a derogatory saying
        
        page 10 describes asian american media is described in its many different parts from blogs to websites to youtube.
        
        Evidence: describes how important cultural citizenship is and what it means on page 12
        
        these actions and how this happened with examples from Daryl Maeda are on page 21
        
        Media activism can help activists understand the diversity of those who are in the term Asian American and the term needs to be expanded to include more minorities (page 22)
        
        Connections
        
        Lopez shows how activism has changed forms over the years, from in person, to digital, to online tools like twitter. In class we talked about why social media is so powerful and that is because it is so easy to find a community. This makes me wonder if in cases like the fall of I-hotel where people from all races tried to stand up to capitalism for the manong happened today, would twitter and online forums be able to save it. While I do not truly know this answer, I do know that a bigger community would rally in support of I-Hotel through social media
        
        Transformers is extremely similar to Lopez's point of activism evolving, while lopez looks at it from a wholistic and retrospective lens, Transformers looks at it from only a specific retrospective lens, Transformers looks at how 3 films let to eachother and evolved the A cinema industry, while Lopez talks about how in person face to face activism evolved with technology, from going form in person to movies and critiques, to online communities commenting on current issues.
      - examining two examples of shows one of which is fresh off the boat and analyzing the cultural response from activists on both sides. The second is analyzing how activism differs on twitter and other online tools than face-to-face. (connection to I hotel where activism took the form of in person protesting while twitter has users band together to comment on posts)
        
        evaluate different interventions that might be effective, use media and cultural studies framework reflect disagreements of what cultural citizenship looks like
        
        examines media studies to make sense of what is happening, analyzing texts that involve ideology and how media industries are structured
        
        3 year ethnography of Asian American media activism
    - - activism is a hard path that even if there is a win, there can be discourse among the activists groups
        
        Media activism involves conflicting understandings of what is Asian American and what it looks like and means
        
        not much research has been done on Asian American activism due to the overall thought of it being negative, however it is a great opportunity to do positive activism
        
        Asian Americans while citizens dont feel a connection to the nation and a lack of representation making them have less of a citizenship as others (argument) connects with in search of Asian Americans as well
        
        to combat racism during the time activists used Asian American as an umbrella term to organize and mobilize support however it has severed its purpose and needs to be redefined
        
        activism is too broad a term and starts with the identification of a social injustice. activism is : the intentional action taken to remedy this mediated problem
- - - - Evidence
        
        Connections
        
        connection to the butterfly (toll of the sea) where in the reading its described that the queer AA male is assumed to be the bottom (submissive, obedient, and reliant" and the white male is the top. Lotus Blossom is similar in the way she is depicted as obedient, following everything Allen says, Submissive where she does not speak up or try to come along with Allen back to America, and she becomes reliant on Allen when she has her kid, when she cant have him, she dies
        
        Page 6 describes how AA queer people must balance two lives, the true self and the self the community sees, I relate this to Joy in EEAAO and Wil in Saving Face. Because both daughters had to hide their sexuality to not "shame" their parents and selves. This pressure caused Wil to push away Vivian even though she loved her and caused Joy to act out and resent her mom
        
        Page 2 describes how its important for productions to includes how queerness is not postracial milieu (free of racial discrimination)
        
        Page 3 talks about the argument compared to the "It gets better movement" and how it outlines the path as positive but littered with trials and dangers
        
        Page 4 talks about the need for expansive social recognitions for protagonists to demonstrate longevity, security, and a sense of home for plots
        
        The readings being analyzed balance optimism and pessimism, made by authors who seek larger communities and contend with both physical (bullying, assults) and structural (the system, cultural, legislative oppression) threats, page 5
        
        page 5 describes the cultural annihilation through clashes over civil rights. Important because even though law protect queer people, there are little social formations for support.
        
        1 more item...
      - analysis of plots of straight marriage in fiction
        
        Literary analysis of queer literature
    - - Queer Asian North American protagonists follow 2 patterns, lucky to survive, and survival depends on other characters outside the biological family.
        
        Argue that the influence of Asian culture mixed with North American investments in "normal" families add pressure and even violence to queer groups
        
        Queer people are only accepted if they live "normal" lives, but this is harmful because these limited expectations allow others to be marginalized and be treated as threatening