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Structure of the Cell - Coggle Diagram
Structure of the Cell
Cell Types
Prokaryotic Cells
Oldest cell type, smaller and more simple structure
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BOTH contain DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
A rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell its shape.
Chloroplasts
Contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to mitochondria. Chloroplasts are a function in photosynthesis, with an outer and inner membrane. Using a green pigment called chlorophyll, they capture the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis.
Central Vacuole
The central vacuole plays the role of regulating the cell's concentration of water in changing environmental conditions. Liquid inside the central vacuole provides outward pressure caused by fluid inside the cell.
Animal Cells
Lysosomes
Known as the cell's "garbage disposal", lysosomes use digestive enzymes to break down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids. Can also use hydrolytic enzymes to destroy disease-causing organisms that might enter the cell.
BOTH
Plasma membrane
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, the plasma membrane separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment. Regulates the passage of substances such as ions, water, and organic molecules.
Nucleus
The most prominent organelle in a cell, houses the cell's DNA in the form of chromatin and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.
Mitochondria
Responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy-carrying molecule of the cell. Often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell
Cytoskeleton
Ions and organic molecules that help to maintain the shape of the cell, secure organelle in specific positions, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently.
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Ribosomes
Cellular structures responsivle for protein synthesis. Found in practically every cell, but are smaller in prokaryotic cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER
Similar to Rough ER, but contains few to none ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface. Synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones.
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A series of interconnected membranous tubules that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids.