Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Computer System, Input System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The CPU is often called the “brain of the computer” because it is responsible for processing all the instructions and data that come from input devices and programs.
    - - Control Unit (CU)
        
        Directs the flow of data inside the computer
        
        Decides which instruction to execute and tells other parts of the computer what to do
      - Registers
        
        Small, high-speed storage inside the CPU
        
        Temporarily holds data, instructions, or results during processing
      - Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
        
        Performs arithmetic (math) and logic (true/false, comparison) operations
      - Cache Memory
        
        Super-fast memory inside the CPU
        
        Stores frequently used data/instructions to speed up performance
    - - Controlling
        
        Directs the operation of all computer components (memory, input, output)
      - Decision-Making
        
        Executes logical comparisons (e.g., greater than, equal to)
      - Processing Data
        
        It takes data from input devices (keyboard, scanner, etc.), processes it according to instructions, and sends results to output devices
      - Calculations
        
        Performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.)
    - - Execute
        
        Performs the instruction (e.g., calculation or moving data)
      - Decode
        
        Interprets what the instruction means
      - Store
        
        Sends results back to memory or output devices
      - Fetch
        
        Gets an instruction from memory
  - - - Monitors
        
        Displays text, images, videos, and graphical information
        
        Types: CRT, LCD, LED, OLED, Touchscreen monitors
      - Speakers
        
        Convert digital signals into sound waves
        
        Used for music, system alerts, or spoken feedback (e.g., voice assistants)
      - Printers
        
        Produces physical copies of documents or images on paper
        
        Types: Inkjet, Laser, Dot Matrix, 3D Printers
      - Projectors
        
        Commonly used in classrooms, offices, and cinemas
        
        Projects images or video onto a large screen or surface
    - - Output devices are the hardware components that present or display the processed data from the CPU in a form humans can understand
    - - Provides feedback to the user about the results of input and processing
      - Can present output in different forms: text, images, video, audio, or physical copies
      - Converts processed data into human-readable information
  - - - RAM (Random Access Memory)
        
        Stores data and programs while the computer is running
        
        Contents are lost when the computer is turned off
        
        Temporary memory
        
        Example: running apps, open documents
      - ROM (Read Only Memory)
        
        Permanent memory
        
        Stores essential instructions needed to start the computer
        
        Data cannot be changed easily
    - - CDs
        
        Optical disc storage
        
        Stores music, software, or small data files
      - SD Memory Card
        
        Small, portable flash storage
        
        Common in cameras, smartphones, and tablets
      - Flash Disk
        
        Portable storage device using flash memory
        
        Easy to carry, used for transferring files
      - Hard Disk
        
        Main permanent storage for the operating system, programs, and files
        
        HDD: mechanical with spinning disks
        
        SSD: faster, uses flash memory
      - DVDs
        
        Stores movies, software, or larger data files
        
        Optical disc storage
        
        Removable and requires a DVD drive
      - Magnetic Tape
        
        Uses magnetic coating to store data
        
        Mostly used for backup and archiving in large organizations
    - - Storage media are computer hardware components used to save data, instructions, and information — either temporarily or permanently. Unlike input/output devices, storage holds data so it can be reused later.
    - - Provides fast access to instructions and files
      - Supports data backup, sharing, and archiving
      - Keeps data available even when the computer is off
- - - - Software that controls and manages computer hardware and software
      - Acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware
    - - Controls the operation of all hardware and software
      - Detects and manages all devices connected to the computer
      - Must exist on every computer
      - Provides user interface to interact with the system
    - - Resource management
        
        Manages CPU, memory, storage, and peripheral devices
      - Task management
        
        Schedules and runs multiple programs efficiently
      - Security
        
        Controls access to data and programs
      - File management
        
        Handles creation, reading, writing, and deletion of files
    - - Microsoft Windows
        
        Most widely used OS for personal computers
        
        Features a Graphical User Interface (GUI) with icons, windows, and menus
        
        Supports a wide range of software applications and hardware devices
      - Linux
        
        Open-source and free OS, widely used for servers and programming
        
        Can be customized with different distributions
        
        Known for stability, security, and flexibility
      - macOS
        
        Operating system developed by Apple for Mac computers
        
        Features an intuitive GUI, high performance, and integration with Apple devices
        
        Popular for design, multimedia, and professional creative work
      - Unix
        
        A powerful, multi-user OS mainly used in servers, workstations, and mainframes
        
        Known for stability, multitasking, and security
        
        Forms the basis for many other operating systems
  - - - Programs designed to help users perform specific tasks or activities
      - Unlike the operating system, applications are optional and installed based on user needs
    - - Not the same for every computer
        
        Depends on the user’s purpose (e.g., office work, design, gaming, multimedia)
      - Can be installed, updated, or removed easily
      - Usually run on top of an operating system
    - - Assist users in completing tasks such as writing, designing, browsing, or entertainment
      - Enhance productivity, creativity, and communication
      - Provide specialized tools for professional work
    - - Microsoft Office
        
        Definition
        
        A productivity suite widely used in offices, schools, and homes
        
        Examples
        
        Microsoft Word
        
        Word processing
        
        Microsoft Excel
        
        Spreadsheets
        
        Microsoft PowerPoint
        
        Presentation
        
        Function
        
        Helps with daily work, study, and business documentation
      - Browser
        
        Functions
        
        Download/upload files
        
        Open websites, watch videos, read news, access email
        
        Use web applications
        
        Definition
        
        Software that allows users to access and navigate the internet
        
        Examples
        
        Mozilla Firefox
        
        Microsoft Edge
        
        Google Chrome
      - Adobe
        
        Definition
        
        A collection of professional creative applications
        
        Examples
        
        Photoshop
        
        editing and retouching photos, digital art
        
        Illustrator
        
        Creating vector graphics, logos, and illustrations
        
        Premiere Pro
        
        Professional video editing and movie production
      - Media Player
        
        Functions
        
        Play music
        
        Watch movies/videos
        
        Create playlists
        
        Definition
        
        Software used to play audio and video files
        
        Examples
        
        Windows Media Player
        
        VLC Media Player