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chapter 12 acid & base - Coggle Diagram
chapter 12 acid & base
acid
substance that dissolves in water, form positively charged ions, produce H+ ions which makes the solution become acid
turn litmus paper red, pH below 7
can neutralise a base forming salt & water , proton donors
- 3 reactions:
- acid + metal -----> salt + hydrogen
- acid + base -----> salt + water (neutralisation)
- acid + metal carbonate ----> salt + water + carbon dioxide
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base
can neutralise an acid, salt is formed
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proton acceptors, accept the proton that donated by the acid
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indicators
- litmus:
- in acid: red
- in alkali: blue
- thymolphthalein:
- in acid: colourless
- neutral: colourless
- in alkali: blue
- methyl orange
- in acid: red
- neutral: orange
- in alkali: yellow
synthetic indicators, very sharp colours, suitable for titration
acidic & basic oxide
- acidic oxide
- non-metals combine with oxygen
- react with bases, form salt & water
- dissolved in water, acidic, low pH
- basic oxide
- metals combine with oxygen
- react with acid to neutralise it
- insoluble in water
- react with acids to form salt & water
- produce basic solution, high pH
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