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BLOOD GLUCOSE (90mg/100mL or 3.9-5.6mmolL-1 normal…
BLOOD GLUCOSE (90mg/100mL or 3.9-5.6mmolL-1 normal blood glucose levels)
High glucose levels (stimuli: eating carbohydrates: meal)
elevated blood levels: Hyperglycemia
beta cells of pancreas stimulated to release insulin into the blood
blood glucose returns back to normal
Low blood glucose levels (stimuli: not eating a meal)
low blood glucose levels: Hypoglycemia
alpha cells of the pancreas are stimulated to release glucagon into the blood
blood glucose returns back to normal
Pancreas
secretes peptide hormone: insulin
maintains blood glucose
Type 1 diabetes beta cells are mistakenly destroyed in the pancreas
Type 2 diabetes have too much glucose in their life time so insulin is not recognised anymore (insulin resistant)
Liver
(blood glucose regulator)
Glycogenesis: excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen --> this is stored in the liver and muscle tissue
Glycogenolysis: Stored glycogen is converted into glucose, to be released into the blood
Gluconeogenesis: Production of glucose from non carbohydrate sources (glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, and amino acids). Cortisol stimulates this in response to fasting, starvation, prolonged periods of exercise. --> when glycogen stored is exhausted
Cellular respiration:
Glucose
+ Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP + (heat) - more glucose needed for exercise
Harriet Bodle