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OXYGEN DEMAND, National Library of Medicine , PubMed , Hyperoxia ,…
OXYGEN DEMAND
HYPEROXIA
Excessive amount of O2 supplied or absorbed by cells and tissue, leading to oxygen toxicity or alveolar collapse
Results from exposure to oxygen concentration higher than found in normal air (e.g. oxygen therapy without correct monitoring, breathing pure oxygen for training purposes)
Oxidative stress damages DNA, proteins, and lipids, cell death (apoptotic and necrotic), lung damage and edema, and organ failure/damage
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HAEM & BLOOD
Haemoglobin
Iron-containing protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs, transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs
Low haemoglobin (anemia) can result from low iron intake, decreased oxygen transport and dizziness/shortness of breath/extreme fatigue
Carotid bodies and aortic bodies (chemoreceptors) detect changes in O2, CO2, and pH and change to maintain balance (an example of negative feedback)
They signal the body to adjust breathing rates and tidal volume (amount of air inhaled/exhaled in an unforced breath)
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Myoglobin
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High levels (myoglobinuria) can cause rhabdomyolysis (muscle damage) due to physical trauma or extreme exercise
Facilitates oxygen diffusion from capillaries to mitochondria as supply for cellular respiration C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + ATP
Monitors NO homeostasis
NO is a signaling molecule that dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow, oxygen flow, and nutrient flows
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EXERCISE
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Faster heart rate, blood flow directed to most active muscles
Ventilation (breath more, more deeply) and oxygen uptake by lungs increases
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