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From Data to Knowledge & Intangibles - Coggle Diagram
From Data to Knowledge & Intangibles
From Data to Knowledge
Data = raw facts, no context (numbers, names, dates)
Information = organized data, structured via rules/tools
Knowledge
Linked with prior experience, context, problem-solving
Value when used for decisions, innovation, improvement
Key Tools
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
Data mining, collaborative platforms
Digital concept maps, systematization methods
Enablers
Dialogue spaces, mentoring, feedback, communities of practice
Information Cycle
Capture
Identify and record internal/external information
Sources: reports, research, trends, legislation, technology
Tools: forms, sensors, monitoring, data extraction
Ensure quality, validity, timeliness
Storage
Organize & preserve (physical/digital)
Tools: databases, repositories, cloud, document systems
Criteria: accessibility, security, usability
Use
Analyze, interpret, apply → decision-making, policy, evaluation
Requires informational skills & knowledge culture
Generates new needs → feedback into capture & storage
Intangible Assets as Competitive Advantage
Examples
Knowledge, competencies, brand, reputation, culture
Patents, intellectual capital, client/partner relationships
Innovation capacity
Value
Contextual, complex, unique
Linked to identity, history, culture, strategy
Requires
Knowledge culture, collaboration, collective learning
Tech + human + organizational alignment
Intellectual Capital
Human Capital
Knowledge, skills, creativity, experience, values
Tacit knowledge, learning capacity, motivation
Structural Capital
Systems, routines, databases, manuals, IT infrastructure
Institutionalized knowledge beyond individuals
Relational Capital
Clients, suppliers, allies, communities, regulators
Reputation, trust, loyalty, social legitimacy
Key Insight: Value = synergy among the three, not isolated
Measuring & Valuing Intangibles
Approaches
Indicators (quantitative + qualitative)
Proxy variables (e.g., turnover = human capital health, customer satisfaction = relational capital strength)
Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton)
Skandia Navigator (Edvinsson & Malone)
Intellectus Model (UAM, Madrid)
Decision-making, investment planning, accountability
Reveal overlooked assets (learning, resilience, trust)
Mindset Shift
Organizations = living networks of knowledge, relationships, values
Knowledge = true driver of sustainable value