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AAST355 Asian Americans in Film, Tangent: Blackness in Kpop lecture, Big…

- - - - colonialism, damaging perception of a rigid representation based on stereotypes
      - unchangedness, so stereotypical actions may have been repeated so long they become the stereotype
    - - identification that was always “in place”
      - Stereotypes depend on repetition; they appear stable but are actually anxious and contradictory
    - - a stereotype cannot be proven true or false
  - - - Quality is very old
        silent film?
        Asian male lead
        Sessue Hayakawa
        asian guy is introduced first Haka Arakau
        what does the introduction mean 0:36
        “to whom the Long Island smart set is paying social tribute” is that the guy after?
        Richard Hardy (played by jack dean) is the stock broker
        introduced doing stock broker stuff
        is the wife gonna cheat on the stock guy with the Asian guy?
        3 minutes
        argument, wife doesn’t wanna give up her social position
        4:06 “my husband objects to my extravagance — and you”
        
        20:30 Haka tries to put his arm around her shoulder, but she deflects this action
        this guy sucks at investments ?? She got scammed
        30 this girl lies a lot about losing and gaining large sums in bridge
    - - 22:00 he turns the lights off, symbolism of cruel intentions, then goes on to SA??? this guy is weird
      - 25 minutes Haka is kinda blackmailing her? Or maybe just threatening the idea of embezzling money from Red Cross
      - “You cannot buy me off” “lock the doors and go” 34 minutes they portray Haka as violent and threatening and he brands her
    - - 34 the music turns stereotypically Asian sounding lmao
      - 13:09 “Can’t I help? No one need know” is this an old people talking grammar thing or a broken English imitation?
      - Hakas house looks very exotic and orientalist ?? 18 minute
      - Incense, gate, plants, statues
      - “that means it belongs to me” 19 minutes ish and he brands her !!
      - Ivory dealer —> is this an Asian stereotypical profession? I have no idea what he’s doing in the beginning? Branding smth --> Mysterious anyways
      - ”When I grab that man — he have this gun” Clearly imitating broken English ! 49:31.
    - - “East is East and West is West and never the Twain shall meet.” 46 minutes
  - - - movies dont need to only reflect already existing narratives, but instead can "constitute a new frontier" --> give us something out of life
      - films more than just cinema, more than art, give us ideas about race, gender, love, etc, can be used for politics → relates to third cinema
    - - tensions between viewers’ power (for interpretation and critique) and films’ “persuasive strategies” – ultimately, produced in this conflict is where viewers learn something new
      - no positive or negative, like hypersexuality
      - need to question what we see on screen → critique harmful representations
- - - - asians in early technicolor films were colored a certain way, created an "oriental color", color as hue vs color as race
    - - exoticism of the east, color is used to distinguish the exoitic east from the west
      - "privileging of the white skin tones in the development of representational colour technologies: that is, how the ‘reproduction of pleasing flesh tone’ is the single most important goal in the history of natural colour processes and colour cinematography"
      - was an ideal skin tone (flesh tint) based on the white skin color for technicolor
      - Toll of the Sea is called “realist” only because it repeats dominant tropes: the Orient as colorful, decorative, and exotic.
  - - - lotus flower's child would be better off raised by Allan and his family in america
        
        interesting use of space in the text cards
        
        3:00 infantilization of lotus flower "little chinese girl"
        
        asian man in the cheat - dangerous, predatory vs asian woman in toll of the sea (innocent)
        
        technicolor --> vibrant reds and greens
        
        china is exoticised with vibrant colors, lush gardens
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Mysticism and religious cults
      - Foreign geography with lots of poverty
      - Rebel fighters against British colonial army
- - - - Notes that Nancy Kwan would later take a role against the traditional stereotype in Slaying the Dragon
  - - - robert likes suzie initially through attraction only "youre very attractive and I'm only a man" 47 minutes
    - - 37 minutes robert keeps stopping suzie from talking about the song she's singing in order to paint her
      - robert takes the dress off and throws it off the boat, despite suzie clearly not waning this --> this is crazy --> objectification, invasion of personal space,
      - 4 minutes robert sketching susie despite her telling him to go away - harassment + objectification of susie just turning her into a subject
  - - - Whitewashing is a symbolic intervention of whiteness, moves people of color from the subject to objects
      - Whiteness is allowed to be any other identity, taking away identity from Asian/Americans
        
        yellowface reading, daughter of the dragon --> but also maybe it becomes a "the cheat" problem, where Asian Americans would be reinforcing negative stereotypes
    - - 1 Yellowface or Whitening of Asian characters --> white people are given representational flexibility but not vice versa
      - 2 White people replacing asian characters Tilda Swinton (white) cast as the Ancient One (historically asian) in Dr. Strange, because the director wanted to avoid sterotypes of asian mysticism
      - 3 White characters placed into asian environments (great wall) --> colonialist fantasy --> white savior complex author believes this is still erasure
- - - - Butterfly: innocent, submissive, in love with white co star, tragic figure who often dies or sacrifices herself
      - Dragon Lady: dominant, dangerous, seductive, manipulative
      - These two roles create extreme stereotypes about who asian women could be and fails to represent them as anything other than innocent and submissive or dominant and seductive
      - anna may wong was cast to portray either a villan or a victim
  - - - fu manchu mind control 11:40 --. mystical powers, adds to exoticism and mystique
      - Exoticism through set design and outfits, gongs, etc
      - abscence of color --> finds different ways to show exoticism of asians --> clothing (necklaces, extravagant traditional outfits)
    - - Still are misogynistic ideas → ling moy wants to be a son “a stupid son is better than a crafty daughter” 39:15
      - "if only thou had granted me another son" "i will be your son" 17 minutes
    - - Fu manchu daughter dragon lady → seductive and manipulative
      - ling moy sexualized through poses, clothing, oriental dancer
    - - fu manchu and his assistants are white actors in yellowface, despite there being asian actors in the film
      - yellowface reading --> maybe they thought asian men were inadequate for acting these roles
    - - Ah kee is asian represented as an ally to whiteness, but Ling Moy serves as an enemy
        
        the one actually asian guy ah kee
        
        created in relation to power --> desai?
  - - - asian women can claim their own sexualities and desires as subjects (not only as objects) of representation-productive perversity-can be empowering, agency, redefinition
        
        relates to rewriting identity
      - repeated representations of women in media have created sexualized stereotypes --> lotus blossom, dragon lady, suzy wong --> relation to bhabha stereotype, colonialist fantasy
    - - love of looking → people can feel pleasure from condemning and judging images they see of hypersexualized figures on screen
        
        however, this is a problem because instantly condemning these images is a form of objectification itself --> doesn't allow for sexual agency, tells women what they cannot be
- - - - start of movie --> asians dressed in very bold, exotic colors, oriental sounding music , gongs, mysterious old man watching, exoticism
        
        is cool to see all seemingly asian actors for now, no yellowface (i think ?)
      - asian characters pop out very much with their outfits
        
        7:30 ish felt kinda random introducing this other asian martial arts guy
      - 10 minutes, Jim Kelley character --> Williams placed into an entirely asian setting (discussed in the whitewashing article), but this doesn't seem to be too much of a form of that, moreso he's just either confused or intrigued by the setting
        
        10:30 another foreigner, white guy with a fancy suit in this new setting, also looks either fascinated or confused
        
        12:00 han is mysterious and unknown, exoticism
      - 13:10 "we'll give you anything you need. electronic equipment, weapons, anything" --> technologically advanced west vs the mystical east
        
        14:45 bruce lee refuses everything from the man, doesn't want a drink, doesn't need technology
        does this show strong, independent man or is it more separation of east and west?
        
        18:20 shows a bunch of asian men as agressive
    - - are their voices dubbed over?
      - 12:50 bruce lee shown as calm and collected, other white guy less prepared (i think this was somewhere in another film with sessue hayakawa)
      - 20 minutes woman commits suicide --> could be a lotus blossom moment having the asian women solely there to die and motivate bruce lee and advance the plot
        
        25 minutes confused civilians watching this guy
      - Cool updated camerawork though, really like how dynamic these shots are (1:30, 10:00, 10:40, 23:05)
    - - Mirror scene where bruce lee breaks distorted western reflections of himself - (racial self-definition)
      - Bruce Lee reclaiming gaze and agency of asian americans
  - - - "Bond thrilled us with his gadgets, but we did not take kindly to his easy victories against his adversaries who seemed to be either Asians or Eastern Europeans, representative figures for the communists from Poland to Vietnam. Bond was the agent of international corruption manifest in the British MI-5, while Lee stood his ground against corruption of all forms, including the representative of the worst of the Asian bourgeoisie, Mr. Han. (pg 7)"
      - bruce lee also redefined masculinity (powerful, heroic, charismatic), especially away from fu manchu representations (asexual, villain)
      - bruce lee provided some resistance against imperialism, capitalism, racism
    - - polyculturalism is blending of culture through being together → shared history of struggle
      - multiculturalism, just combining cultures but no interaction confronting power
  - - - Instead goes into high expectations, especially for Ben
      - 11:50 Ben "I guess it felt good to do things I couldn't put on my college application. Besides, it was suburbia. We had nothing better to do"
      - also creates new representation as asians americans not falling into the traditional stereotypes, instead showing them as explicit, delinquent, work hard play hard
      - Representations of asians, especially the asian male, while avoiding common stereotypes
      - documents experience of Asian American youth, but also breaks stereotypes → can be delinquents instead of high grades, humanizes them by showing flaws
    - - 24:50 cool shot, Steve switches sides from Ben's right to left, goes from friendly to interrogative
      - sidenote: at a film festival (sundance 2003), a heckler brought up concerns about the portrayal of asian americans in a negative light being problematic, to which another critic, Roger Ebert, refuted --> "What I find very offensive and condescending about your statement is nobody would say to a bunch of white filmmakers, 'How could you do this to your people?'"..."This film has the right to be about these people, and Asian-Americans have the right to be whatever the hell they want to be. They do not have to 'represent' their people."
      - Interestingly, lots of events were based off of/coincide with the murder of stuart tay (asian american high schooler from orange county, even details such as baseball bat, buried, and money taken from wallet)
    - - 22:25 Ben and Daric conversation "You didn't even interview my coach for his views" "I did. He didn't say what I wanted him to so I didn't put it in the story" ... "you know this is all bullshit right? Its just a game. People like you and me, We don't have to play by the rules. We can make our own"
      - 37:10 "chinese jordan""where's your fanclub?"
      - Film as a whole can trace back to the asian american experience (suburbia) --> In Search of Asian American Cinema (Feng, Week 1)
      - stephanie as an independent, hardworking student, also adopted but the film doesn't try to emphasize anything about it
      - 21:10 Ben gets a lot of support from other asian people due to the pushed agenda from Daric
    - - Violence as an outlet and means to get power
  - - - critiques the desire within Asian American activism and media to seek only “positive” representations (wholesome, desexualized, model images), this reinforces stereotypes by denying humanity + complexity real liberation comes from embracing desire, contradiction, and ambivalence.
    - - asian men normally straitjacketed as asexual and hypermasculine --> fixity?
      - "vulnerability is the best tool to address such a stereotype"
        
        praised better luck tomorrow for breaking this, showing complex identity --> combats fixity and set stereotypes (?)
- - - - defined by its commitment to socialist political struggle --> authoritarian rule, racism, capitalism, imperialism
      - Tool of resistance, film for the sake of education too (relates to bell hooks?)
    - - Second cinema --> independent/art cinema that aims to challenge major studios but still constrained by existing system
      - Third cinema --> film meant to provoke and ask questions, shared labor of filmmaking and editing
      - First cinema --> large studios, Hollywood/Bollywood, intended to maximize profit
  - - - Combined clips of recreated accounts, media representations, artifacts
      - Absence in the Historical Record. Representation as Reconstruction.
      - Critique of National Memory and the “Good American” Myth → History is not a record but a reconstruction
    - - film bounces between an assorted collection of clips, possibly to represent an unreliable memory
      - clips have a mix of images, moving text, audio, of lack of any of those, could show an unreliable memory of these undocumented events in history
- - - - All types of people showed up to the protest, different races, backgrounds, ages, professions --> the people against a large corporation
      - "Manong is a pionier, the first of their generation to come to the americas", but little did they know, were "the third wave of asian immigrants brought over for cheap labor"
    - - "Either we are taking their jobs or we are the ones taking their wages"
      - "My husband either walked behind me or I walked behind him when we went out"
    - - 1978, 4000 apartments to be replaced with luxury condos, banks, parking lots
      - Manillatown reduced from what was an entire strip of Filipino community reduced to one block
      - Filipino and other asian women were excluded from immigration until 1965, preventing family life for asian families
    - - violence between the people and police enforcers, sound is done very well to create a chaotic effect, constant "we want no" chants, people yelling
      - some residents forcefully dragged out of their apartments by police, by their arms, police breaking into the rooms
      - Just thrashed homes shown, background audio has a conversation with the police saying they can't come back (can't get their belongings?)
      - Just a day before a lease was signed with Milton Meyer Company, a fire broke out in the I hotel (was this planted?). Milton Meyers then refused to sign the lease, stating "if the hotel were not there nobody would have died"
    - - Third Cinema Film --> provides a political perspective to Asian American culture and cinema, resistance against oppression
      - Interesting format of the film, starting with background on who these people affected are (manongs), showing how they were publicly discriminated against, but then going on to show the public coming together to support them through protests
      - Documentary itself chooses to focus on the individuals affected and the community around them, showcasing interviews with those affected
  - - - vlog style filming adds an authenticity into really showing everything
      - third cinema, very independent film, also works to combat existing views on asian male masculinity
      - even though it is filmed on a handheld camcorder, still edited very well in a way that has a narrative (chronological, but also shows don's struggles and growth)
    - - Vulnerability
        
        24:30 fails his test “im also lazy i dont do my homework” —> low self esteem, is this a result of home environment? or constantly being scolded about academics? either way challenges the model minority myth
        
        29:00 being especially vulnerable, “nothings wrong” —> masculinity to try to not show emotion
        
        “sometimes i wish that: why can’t we have a normal family”
        
        47:50 don talks about his feelings about his brother's court hearing being on the same day as his graduation
        
        48: 25 "i dont deserve a diploma", more self esteem issues brought up
      - 11 don having to take a leader role of the house as an asian man minutes calling the cops
      - 13 talking about masculinity, “makes me feel like i should carry a gun everywhere i go”
      - 44:50 breaking model minority myth, showing how he cheats on the english proficiency test
    - - starts off by showing him as a failing academic 2 minutes
      - home is far away 3:30
      - 3:50 goes into context from cambodia
      - 5:45 one day my cousin was looking out the window and got shot by some kids
      - 14:30 i gotta take like 2 busses, 45 minutes to an hour, explains academics in a way
  - - - "The first generation of Filipinos in San Francisco’s Manilatown planted seeds of activism when they resisted eviction from their home and community, and their example inspired Filipino college students and other young people to become activists themselves" (pg 1)
      - systematic erasure of Filipino culture for an increase in profits --> planned to demolish the hotel and replace it with a parking garage
      - could this be related to whitewashing too? similar systematic erasure, but this is a physical erasure
    - - "Rather than a history of irretrievable loss, this is now a history of redemption, a healing of an old wound, and the passing on of a legacy. Telling the International Hotel story plays a significant role in transforming a sense of defeat and humiliation into an experience of collective strength" (pg 6)
- - - - Asian immigrants initially came over for a hope of promise, eventually shifted into the auto industry --> if they did their work and didn't cause a scene they could have a hope of the great american dream
      - Chin's friends mention Ebens misidentified Chin as japanese, which was the reason for the aggression
      - "autoworker was out of work was so mad that he beat up this Chinese guy, because he thought he was Japanese"
    - - 33 minutes - american auto industry blaming japan, hate for japanese imports grew which then associated hate with asian people
      - 18 minutes - conversation about perceived japanese work culture "What's your wages over there? A dollar an hour or some damn thing like that? You know the reason you can do it because of labor. Labor is the only real cost item there, they do it so much cheaper because they don’t pay the wages we pay and that is the, we got right down to it, that's the bottom line."
    - - Ronald Ebens (killer) mentioned the killing was just something that happened naturally, but another account states he paid 20 dollars for somebody to track him down
      - Multiple trials (3) and all of them had the same result, a lot went wrong/manipulation --> they didn't tell Chin's mother a case was happening, trial happened in more conservative Cincinnati where most of the jury said did not interact with asian americans
      - clip of the judge that shows him talking about how many cases he has to go through, trying to garner sympathy but sounds like bs a bit
      - Towards the end --> Ebens later mentions "I don't think the justice system failed I think it worked the way it should've worked"
      - murderers got off with only 3 years probation and a fine due to not having a previous criminal record, officers weren't even called to court
  - - - "Anything Japanese, or presumed to be Japanese, became a potential target" --> anti japanese sentiment because of the auto industry"
      - many of the asian immigrants in detroit were educated professionals but they lived in suburbs. urban chinatown areas didn't have too much support, by 1980s "family businesses in Chinatown faded"
        
        "The 1980 census reported only 1,213 Chinese in the entire city; while that is
        surely an undercount, the population was unquestionably small"
        
        AA generally ignored due to not much population/representation
    - - American Citizens for Justice (ACJ) --> doesn't even mention asian, they are american
        
        All citizens are guaranteed the right to equal treatment by our judicial and governmental system;
        
        When the rights of one individual are violated, all of society suffers
        
        Asian Americans, along with many other groups of people, have historically been given less than equal treatment by the American judicial and governmental system. Only through cooperative efforts with all people will society progress and be a better place for all citizens.
      - “I’ve worked hard for my company for forty years,” said a computer programmer, his voice shaking. “They always pass me over for promotion because I’m Chinese. I have trained many young white boys fresh out of college to be my boss. I never complain, but inside I’m burning. This time, with this killing, I must complain. What is the point of silence if our children can be killed and treated like this? I wish I’d stood up and complained a lot sooner in my life.”
    - - this shows up in vincent chin doc!
- - - - however by attempting to save face, characters sacrifice what they actually want
        
        1 hour 13 minutes "I love you and I am gay" "how can you tell me you love me then throw that in my face?"
    - - 1:25:05 crazy confrontation feels lalalandy? theme of giving up on dreams for grounded reality
      - 3:30 music says i wanna love you in every way, possibly foreshadowing the romance in the movie but also the acceptance
      - 13:30 how did she find her
      - 29:15 joy luck club!! another asian american film
      - 29:30 is this adult video or smth? perhaps the product of sexualization of asian women in film
        
        32:30 it was adult video lmao
      - 1:21:00 i like this scene from opposite sides of the bus, what could it represent? a separated connection?
      - 1:20 super energetic beginning
    - - 8 minutes more discussion on status
      - 12 her daughters a doctor what more could she want — status
      - 17 drama discussing wil’s moms pregnancy — status as a bad mother
      - 19:30 she can throw her own reputation away, but it still comes back to me — thinking about his own status, doesn’t really care about his daughter
      - 44:44 48 and going on a date concerned about status
      - 49:20 deciding for her who wils mom is gonna marry, concerned about how it looks to others
      - 1:15:30 not inviting your own daughter to your wedding is so crazy
      - 1:17:00 very much describes saving face, she did it to appease her father
      - 2:30 starts off the movie already talking about reputation, wealth, height, trying to set up their children
    - - 8:44 gossiping also shown in the men
      - 20:45 mom trying to avoid the topic of her pregnancy
      - 35:30 judging stares from everyone at the clinic
      - 1:13:00 how can you tell me i love you but then throw that in my face? bruh i thought things were ok between them
      - 3:45 "i see men’s clothes are still in style —> judgement"
      - 26 high expectations, also her dad being judgmental of the status of dance
    - - 10 she’s speaking english, he’s speaking chinese they both understand
      - 16:20 guilt tripping asian mom lmao
      - 36:30 she also doesn’t want to talk about where her mother went after the divorce
      - 23 cultural difference, shoes by the door
      - interesting how they choose to show speaking in chinese and english, AA experience, kinda like EEAOO
  - - - inscrutable belongings --> queer asian north american protagonists create alternate communities, as a "refuge from the forces of social death and threat of material violence"
    - - relates to bell hooks, movies as a way to show more than just narrative
      - also maybe could relate to third cinema as a way to protest the status quo
- - - - 1:28:10 "struggle? I'm a black man born and raised in Mississippi ain't a damn thing you can tell me about struggle" + rest of conversation about how mina's family can come to mississippi and side against African Americans
      - 1:30:45 "why don't you try to be king of london or king of bombay?" "because I was born here! I've always been Ugandan first Indian second. I've been called a bootlicker and traitor by my fellow Indians", then speaks on how after 34 years in Uganda, it came down to the color of his skin --> parallels to demetrius in mississippi 1:31:50
      - 1:36:00 "you have become american" "so what? I live here in america. if you don't like it, go back to india"
      - asians forced to evacuate uganda, "Africa is for Africans. Black Africans" 2:50
      - mina's dad originally from uganda, before being forcefully and illegally removed
    - - 6:44 why did they show the bird?? tbh i have no idea its so random
      - left right significance
        
        11:23 now its reversed, Indian woman on the right, African soldiers on the left, what does this show?
        
        18:36 again, mina on left, demetrius on the right
        
        57 mina on left, demetrius on right
        
        6:30, 8:37, interaction between different races
        
        6:20 clear visual divide shown, Indians shown on the left, Africans on right
      - 8:54 no subtitles the entire exchange, wonder why
      - movement
        
        17:20 mina shown going towards the right now, perhaps symbolic of her assimilation to american culture
        
        30:44 going left walking into the club, new environment
        
        1:06:16 mina's dad walking right while reading about court hearing, to show a return home to Uganda
        
        1:09:00 beach walk, orange blue, left right, moving right!
        
        not sure if its intentional, but almost all of the movement is shown going towards the left, maybe to show departure from their culture
      - 15:11 very obvious change in music to represent change of setting
      - colors
        
        17:30 denzel washington in blue. contrast to mina's orange
        
        1:03:30 blue/orange colors again
        
        1:49:50 much more muted colors upon coming back to Uganda
        
        16 mina wears orange and blue, colors prominent in the Uganda scenes
    - - 22:30 "you got a darkie daughter. Harrys mother doesnt like darkies"
      - 30:20 "send em back to the reservation thats what ill say" "how many times do i have to tell you theyre not that kind of indian"
      - 52:20 objectification of mina, demetrius calls it out
      - 1:24:50 "in my life, I worked hard to get where I got. I wanna see you work hard too" white man to demetrius
      - 20:30 "does money grow on trees? maybe in uganda it used to grow on trees but not over here "
    - - 28:20 "you can be dark and have money or you can be fair and have no money. but you cant be dark and have no money and expect to get harry patel"
      - 50:40 demetrius introduces mina as from england at first, maybe because he is scared his family would judge?
      - 1:19:40 "you call this love? when all you've done is bring such shame on our heads" --> relates to saving face
      - 1:21:00 mina's mom gossiping about demetrius, social reputation
      - 1:23:50 "black folks don't like to see other black folks do good" --> similar can be seen with mina's family, conflict within their culture
      - 28 conversation about social status of mina's parents
    - - 43:40 "as long as you are not white you are colored"
        ...
        44:44 "all us people of color must stick together" --> relates to bruce lee article, solidarity through struggle
      - 48 more solidarity
      - 54:20 talks on colonialism
      - 1:21:10 "they get ideas from each other, then it spreads like a disease" --> polyculture (?)
      - 39:26 "cruelty has no color"
  - - - people who have gone through two layers of displacement
  - - - after 9/11, South Asians grouped into Muslims and Arabs
      - does Changez feel American or Muslim?
      - relates to jay from mississippi masala (?) where does changez belong?
      - post 9/11 muslims
        
        55:20 "how does that happen?" "what makes you think I know"
        
        55:30 they believed god told them to blow us up its in their book or whatever --> American view on muslims post 9/11
        
        changez begins growing a beard, judged by his boss because it looks muslim, but this could show his slow acceptance of his pakistani culture
        
        56:50 "any beard of turban is a problem"
      - 12:59 "i am a lover of america. although i was raised to feel very pakistani" --> American identity
      - 15:20 fantasizing America --> level playing fields, winning, luxury houses in soho
      - changez wants to accept america but america doesn't accept him
        
        16:50 "changes" his boss pronounces his name wrong, maybe shows how America doesn't accept him even though he accepts America
        
        52:00 entire dehumanizing airport search, even with his boss vouching against this
        
        54:35 glass reflection of 9/11 to show the collapse of his image as a muslim in america
      - 35:05 "you know I don't recognize my voice anymore. it sounds all tinny and fake. like someone who doesn't come from anywhere"
      - 57:09 "you're like my brother" Changez feels more pakistani here, perhaps a shared struggle --> similar to polyculturalism shared struggle
    - - 10:58 "stay calm", along with rest of conversation --> leading role, also collected and confident
      - 16:36 entire conversation, changez is smart, confident, holds his ground against interviewer
      - 26:07 changez is onto bobby already, naturally skeptical of why hes actually there
    - - 1:47 white man in a foreign environment, similar to the enter the dragon beginning credits
      - 3 minutes does this song mean anything in this context of whats happening?
      - 5:22 lots of tension created with only the shot, no context given
      - 9:45 christopher nolan looking shot, but also the same white man in a foreign environment, handheld camera may be to show disorientation
      - 32:50 i feel like theres a lot of emphasis on this "I want you to be" song, could maybe be talking about changez wanting erica, or maybe about identity
      - 36:10 "i feel like im cheating" then her face goes back into changez's shadow maybe to hide
    - - Asian male interracial relationship representation!
      - 31:00 "you know how often I dream of having a family full of poets", not relating to AA, but perhaps a bit fetishizing
      - 1:21:30 this entire exhibit, "i had a pakistani once" --> tokenization of changez, "throw on a burqa" quote taken out of context
      - 1:22:45 "why would I be proud? proud of being your own pet artistic project?"
- - - - expected to blindly work without complaints
      - 45:30, 47:00 people don't even respond to archie's attempts at conversation, instead just giving him tasks to do
      - asian robot treated as subhuman
  - - - "this popular myth abides by the general techno-Orientalist perception of Asia as a land soaked with superhuman laborers who only know work not play"
      - "the asian body is a form of expendable technology"
      - early beliefs that the chinese were more autonomous than human
    - - "While many might know of Chinese exclusion as a historic fact, few know that American politicians chose to occlude them on the reasoning that they were “not real people” and rather akin to machines."
      - "I put forth “the model machine myth” as an analytic to outline, follow, and trace the mutable forms that this social entity—the Asian automaton—has assumed in an expansive U.S. techno-imperial imaginary. In laboring as essential workers for humanity, helping to develop the global economy and U.S. trade, Asians are rendered as superhumans and less-than-human threats, in both a domestic and foreign sense."
- - - - 10 -11 Joy struggles to communicate with her grandpa, Evelyn struggles to communicate with her daughter
      - acceptance
        
        2:06:00 whoops nevermind
        
        2:07:00 never mind again “I will always want to be with you”
        
        2:09:45 actual acceptance woohoo
        
        2:05:00 acceptance of joy
      - 1:38 use of chinglish, shows assimilation into ammerican culture
    - - unique representation of the Asian American experience, A
        ”Asian American cinema” according to Feng?
      - what could a multiverse be symbolism for if anything at all? perhaps the vast possibilities of what Asians can be
      - 1:39:00 breaking of passive stereotypes, aggression, screaming
      - AA diversity in age, sexuality, professions --> Shizimu
    - - 1:22:30 cool home run bat from smash sound effect
  - - - "Asian American media activists view cultural citizenship as a collective endeavor that cannot be accomplished at the level of the individual"
      - White people didn't see asian americans as equals so they picked parts of their culture they believed
      - In order for individuals to feel like their cultural practices are accepted and that people like them are included within the nation, they must see themselves and their specific communities represented within the media. When they are absent, sidelined, or mistreated, there is a real impact on the ability of communities to feel recognized and validated. (pg 13)
      - "Battles over representations of Asian America reveal the way that activists seeking to improve the representation of Asian Americans in entertainment media are engaging in a fight for cultural citizenship, or a deeper sense of belonging and acceptance within a nation that has long rejected them."
      - "First Class Citizenship"
        
        enjoying the privilege and status of belonging to a national community, but can easily be taken away
    - - rare times when asian americans are shown to be represented, its often a stereotype
      - What kind of Asian American identity do we want represented?
      - odd contradiction, both rejected and desired
    - - doesn't have to be large scale, can be smaller, everyday efforts
      - Other Online Spaces
        
        youtube videos, twitter,
        
        skips traditional barriers to entry
      - Advertising
        
        "Asian American advertising as an important site where negotiations be- tween consumers and image producers take place, and in which notions of cultural citizenship are produced and engaged"
      - "Joke Hermes (2005) argues that popular culture and media consumption have “the power to make people bond and feel that they belong” (2)...She argues that we do not have much agency over media production, so we must turn to interpretation as a viable source for creating citizenship."
        
        bell hooks