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Data Collection Methods - Coggle Diagram
Data Collection Methods
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. Self-Report Methods:
These involve participants reporting on their own experiences, feelings, or behaviors.
Unstructured/Semi-structured: Use open-ended questions and narrative responses. Common in qualitative research.
Structured: Use a fixed format with predetermined questions and response options. Common in quantitative research.
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Scales:
Devices that assign a numeric score to place individuals on a continuum regarding an attribute (e.g., anxiety, satisfaction).
Likert Scale: Presents a series of statements. Respondents indicate their level of agreement (e.g., Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree).
Semantic Differential (SD) Scale: Asks respondents to rate a concept on a series of bipolar adjectives (e.g., Good Bad, Effective Ineffective).
Advantages of Scales: Versatile, can be administered verbally or in writing, good for quantification.
Disadvantages of Scales: Susceptible to response set biases (e.g., always agreeing "Agree", or giving socially desirable answers).
Reducing Bias: Use sensitively worded questions, counterbalance positive/negative statements, ensure confidentiality.
Observational Methods:
Gathering data by watching characteristics, behaviors, or conditions of individuals. Can occur in labs or natural settings.
Unstructured Observation: The researcher collects descriptive information (e.g., field notes) without a predefined checklist. Data is analyzed qualitatively.
Participant Observation: The researcher is actively involved with the subjects while observing them.
Structured Observation: Uses predefined tools to record specific behaviors or events quantitatively.
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