Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
-
-
-
-
Separation Techniques
Sublimation
Technique: Heating the mixture → sublimable solid changes directly into vapour → vapour collected & cooled → solid obtained.
-
-
Examples: Iodine + sand, Ammonium chloride + salt.
Evaporation
-
Principle: Liquid with low boiling point turns into vapour, leaving behind solid.
-
Examples: Salt from seawater, sugar from solution.
Distillation
Technique: Heating the liquid mixture → component with lower boiling point vaporizes → vapour condensed → collected as pure liquid.
-
-
Examples: Water and alcohol, petrol and kerosene fractions.
-
Fractional distillation
Technique: Heat mixture → vapours pass through fractionating column (repeated condensation & vaporization) → liquids collected separately.
Principle: Miscible liquids with close boiling points separate by repeated condensation/vaporization.
Type: Liquid–liquid (miscible, close b.p.).
Example: Crude oil into petrol, diesel, kerosene.
Chromatography
Principle: When a mixture is carried by a solvent (mobile phase) over paper (stationary phase), the components travel at different speeds. This happens because of their different solubilities in the solvent and different degrees of adsorption on paper.
-
Separation of plant pigments (like chlorophyll, xanthophyll, carotene).
-
-
-
Simple, quick, and gives clear separation.