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Osmoregulation, External Stimuli: High salt consumption, increased…
Osmoregulation
HOMEOSTASIS:
"Normal Blood Water Levels"
Increased Water Content
(HIGH LEVELS):
internal stimulus
Hypothalamus
(receptor):
detects the high water content in the blood (osmoreceptors) - blood volume changes (high), concentration changes (decreased/more dilute) & osmotic pressure change (low)
Message sent to Pituitary Gland
ADH
(Antidiuretic Hormone) secretion:
decreased
- either secretion is reduced or stopped
ADH release decreases, kidney becomes less permeable to water (tubules permeability into blood), reabsorption of water from urine --> blood decreases (tubules & collecting duct)
Regulated Blood Water Levels (decreased):
increased urine output, decreased concentration of urine
HOMEOSTASIS
Dehydration
- occur in both extremes |
LOW LEVELS:
reduced water content in blood - sweating, increased salt, reduced water consumption |
HIGH LEVELS:
low osmotic pressure prompts osmosis of water into cells
Decreased Water Content
(LOW LEVELS):
internal stimulus
Hypothalamus
(receptor):
detects the low water content in the blood (osmoreceptors) - blood volume changes (low), concentration changes (increased/less dilute) & osmotic pressure change (high)
Message sent to Pituitary Gland
ADH
(Antidiuretic Hormone) secretion:
increased
- quantity influenced by blood water concentration (higher concentration = more ADH)
ADH release increases, kidney become more permeable to water (tubules permeability into blood), reabsorption of water from urine --> blood increases (tubules & collecting duct)
Regulated Blood Water Levels (increased):
decreased urine output, increased concentration of urine, thirst response
Response
Nephron:
part of kidney that contains
renal corpuscle
(glomerulus & capsule) - ultrafiltration system |
tubules
&
ducts
- reabsorption of substances to blood (e.g. water)
REGULATION
Cellular Respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide +
Water
+ ATP + (heat)
External Stimuli:
High salt consumption, increased exhalation, sweating
Water Content Influence - Cellular Respiration
External Stimuli:
Drink too much water
Negative Feedback Loop:
Mitigates
Travels through blood to kidney
effector
Kidney
effector
ADH
effector
ADH
effector
References:
Apollo, (2024),
"How Over Hydration Can Affect Kidneys?
| ER Services, (N.D),
"Water Balance
| Bitesize, (N.D),
"Effect of ADH on Tubule Permeability and Water Balance"
| Britannica, (N.D),
"Dehydration"
| Biozone
Response
production