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Who We Are - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Symbolic thought
      - Egocentrism
      - Animism
      - Lack of conservation
  - - - Zone of Proximal Development
        
        Scaffolding
        
        Role of play in learning
  - - - Memory development
      - Attention span increases
      - Early literacy/numeracy
  - - - Practical intelligence (or “street smarts”) often increases with age.
        Crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge) remains strong, while fluid intelligence (quick reasoning) may decline gradually.
    - - Many adults remain mentally sharp with mental stimulation and social engagement.
        Cognitive decline in late adulthood can be slowed with lifelong learning, problem-solving, and physical activity.
- - - - Shifts in identity as careers stabilize, children grow, or retirement begins.
        Friendships and family bonds play a major role in emotional well-being.
    - - Erikson's Stages: Generativity vs. Stagnation and Integrity vs. Despair
        
        Adults focus on productivity, parenting, and giving back to others.
        Failure to find purpose can lead to feelings of stagnation Reflection on life brings either a sense of fulfillment or regret.
- - - - Height and weight increases
      - Fine motor skills (drawing, holding utensils, tying shoes)
      - Gross motor skills (running, climbing, jumping)
  - - - Language growth (vocabulary explosion, forming sentences)
      - Memory improvement
      - Beginning problem-solving skills
  - - - Self-awareness (recognizing self in mirror, using “I” statements)
      - Friendships and peer play
      - Emotion regulation (learning to manage frustration, fear, joy)
- - - - Twins
      - Monozygotic (identical) → same genes
      - Dizygotic (fraternal) → separate eggs
- - - - Gross (running, climbing, jumping)
        Fine (drawing, cutting, dressing)
    - - Importance of balanced diet
        Risks (obesity, malnutrition)
  - - - Gradual decline in physical abilities (strength, speed, fertility). Health becomes more dependent on lifestyle choices (nutrition, exercise, stress management). Aging skin, slower metabolism, reduced bone density
    - - Slower reaction times, but improved emotional regulation and problem-solving from experience
        In late adulthood, sensory losses (vision, hearing, taste) become more common
- - - - Key question: “Who am I?”
      - Development of a sense of self and personal values
      - Peer and social influence on self-concept
      - Successful resolution → identity achievement; failure → confusion/role diffusion
  - - - Identity Diffusion: No clear sense of identity and no exploration
      - Foreclosure: Commitment to identity without exploration (e.g., adopting parents’ or culture’s identity without question)
      - Moratorium: Actively exploring different options without firm commitment
      - Identity Achievement: Commitment made after exploration—sense of self and direction established
- - - - Zygotic (0–2 weeks) → fertilization, implantation
        
        Embryonic (3–8 weeks) → organ development (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
        
        Fetal (9 weeks–birth) → growth and maturation
    - - Placenta → exchange of nutrients/waste
        
        Amniotic fluid → protection, temperature regulation
      - Critical vs. Sensitive Periods
        
        Critical → essential development, permanent consequences if missed
        
        Sensitive → easier to develop, possible later with effort
- - - - Improved coordination and balance
        Fine motor skills allow for detailed writing, drawing, and crafts
    - - Importance of proper nutrition and physical activity
        Risk factors: obesity, lack of exercise, poor eating habits
        Dental health improvements (loss of baby teeth, permanent teeth emerging)
    - - Steady, slow growth in height and weight Increased muscle strength and lung capacity
- - - - Success builds competence and confidence
        Struggles can lead to feelings of inferiority
      - Erikson’s Stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation Focus shifts from “Who am I?” to “Who am I with?” Desire for meaningful, reciprocal relationships Fear of vulnerability can lead to isolation if identity is not yet secure
      - Career and Life Direction Establishing personal and professional goals
        Experimentation before long-term commitments (relationships, careers, lifestyle)
      - Emotional & Social Independence Balancing autonomy from parents with maintaining connections
        Formation of close friendships and romantic partnerships
    - - Friendships become more stable and based on loyalty/trust
        Importance of peer acceptance—popularity, rejection, bullying risks
    - - Role of parental support in school success and emotional growth
        Sibling relationships and cooperation/conflict
- - - - Conventional morality emerges
      - Children begin to value rules, fairness, and social approval
      - Understanding of intentions behind actions grows
    - - Adolescents develop a stronger sense of fairness, equality, and social justice issues