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CELL - Coggle Diagram
CELL
Cell Structure (Pages 3–7)
1.1 Cells are the basic units of life
Robert Hooke (1665)
Observed cork with microscope
Saw empty box-like structures
Named them "cells"
Schleiden & Schwann
Schleiden: plants made of cells
Schwann: animals made of cells
Led to Cell Theory
Cell Theory
All organisms made of cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Why cells?
Membrane separates inside/outside
Partially permeable – controls exchange
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
DNA free in cytoplasm
Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes
Have nucleus + membrane-bound organelles
Examples: plants, animals, fungi
1.2 Cell biology & microscopy
Cell biology = study of cells
Microscopes
Light microscope
Uses light
Electron microscope
Uses electrons
Units of measurement
1 mm = 1000 µm
1 µm = 1000 nm
Cell size: 5–40 µm
Bacteria: ~1 µm
Ribosome: ~25 nm
1.3 Plant and animal cells (light microscope)
Generalised Animal Cell
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus (nucleolus + chromatin)
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Centriole
Generalised Plant Cell
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus (nucleolus + chromatin)
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Cell wall
Large vacuole (tonoplast)
Chloroplasts
Plasmodesmata
Common to Both
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Plant only
Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplast
Plasmodesmata
Animal only
Centriole
Key Terms
Cell
Organelle
Nucleus
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Cell surface membrane
Chromatin
Chromosome
Nucleolus
Protoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Cell wall