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10-disease and immunity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the movement of a pathogen from a host to another is called "transmission"
        
        it can happen in a number of ways
        
        direct contact
        
        indirect contact
        
        touching a surface someone who has been infected has already touched
        
        eating food or drinking water that contains pathogens
        
        breathing in droplets containing pathogens
        
        contact with animals carrying pathogens
- - - - if skin is damaged, a blood clot forms in order to avoid pathogens getting in
- - - - not keeping your body clean can mean that skin oil, sweat and dirt can be breeding grounds for bacteria
    - - animals may forage for food among the rubbish, getting bacteria on them which can also spread to us
    - - bacteria can infect our food, which in turn can enter enter our bodies and damage us
    - - unclean water contaminated by chemicals, urine, faeces and other such substances may end up in rivers, lakes and other places where people may get water from, making them sick
    - - not clean water may contain pathogens
- - - - the antigen is usually found on the outside of pathogens
        
        when they combine, the pathogen is usually killed or incapacitated
        
        however, this process may take time
    - - this is the "immune response"
  - - - this type of cells remains in our bloodstream for a long time. If the same pathogen enters our body again, the memory cells create a large number of antibodies in a short period of time
    - - dead or weakened bacteria are introduced inside our body and the immune system responds as if they were real bacteria, creating memory cells
  - - - this is the case with babies being breastfed