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Police History and Organization - Coggle Diagram
Police History and Organization
Derived from "politia" meaning "civil admininstration"
Early societies left citizens responsible for their own protection
Vigiles started as firefighters, who were later given duties to protect citizens in Rome
In 1285, Statute of Winchester established various methods of mostly self/public protection through things like night watch (watch and ward), hue and cry, etc.
Magistrates and beadles (mostly laced and intertwined with corruption)
First "crime reports" by Henry Fielding, ESQ, around mid 1700s
Sir Robert Peel (early/mid 1800s) "Founder of modern policing"
Peel's 9 principles (1829)
Ability and success of police is linked to public's approval of police action
Public must be willing to observe laws in order for public to respect police
Prevent crime/disorder
Cooperation of public is directly linked to necessity of use of force needed
Constant and impartial service creates favor/support rather than catering to certain individuals/groups
When verbal correction/warning is not heeded, physical force needed "to extent necessary"
Maintain relationship "police are the public and the public are the police"
Police never "usurp the powers of the judiciary"
Efficiency demonstrated through "absence of crime and disorder"
Positive relationship/cooperation of community and police and preventive role of police
Night watch in the North
Slave patrol
Pendleton Act (1883) - merit system of appointing/promoting officers
International Association of Chiefs of Police removing political influence/control (1893 and on)
August Vollmer "Father of modern policing" (early 1900s)
Office of U.S. Marshal created by Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
J Edgar Hoover reformed what is now the FBI (early - mid 1900s)
Current law enforcement branches
Local
Metropolitan
Sheriff
Indian country/tribal
Campus
State
Federal
Department of Justice
National Institute of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
U.S. Postal Service
Department of Defense
Department of Agriculture
Department of Homeland Security
U.S. Secret Service
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Security Branch
Department of Labor
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Indian Affairs
U.S. Park Police
Fish and Wildlife Service
National Park Service
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police
Department of the Treasury
Department of Commerce
Department of State
Amtrak Police
U.S. Capitol Police
U.S. Mint Police
U.S. Supreme Court Police
Veterans Health Administration
Library of Congress Police
National Gallery of Art Police
International (Interpol)