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Psychological Foundation of Curriculum - Coggle Diagram
Psychological Foundation of Curriculum
Association and Behaviorism
Persons: Contributions/Theories and Principles
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
He was the father of the classical conditioning theory, or the S-R theory.
Pavlov proposed that learning is early years of life is to train them what you want them to become.
The S-R theory is a foundation of learning process called indoctrination.
Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)
He championed the connectionism theory.
He proposed the three laws of learning:
Law of Readiness
Law of Exercise
Law of Effect
added that specific stimulus has specific response.
Robert Gagne (1916-2002)
a proponent of hierarchical learning theory, claiming that learning follows a hierarchy.
Behavior is based on prerequisite conditions.
Introduced tasking in the formulation of objectives.
Humanistic Psychology
Persons: Contributions/Theories and Principles
Gestalt
Gestalt's theory
Learning is explained in terms of "wholeness" of the problem.
Human beings do not respond to isolated stimuli but to an organization or pattern of stimuli.
Key to learning:
Learning is complex and abstract.
Learners analyze the problem, discriminate between essential and nonessential data, and perceive relationships.
Learners will perceive something in relation to the whole. What/how they perceive is related to their previous experiences.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
He developed Self-Actualization Theory.
a classic theory of human needs.
A child whose basic needs are not met will not be interested in acquiring knowledge of the world.
He put importance to human emotions based on love and trust.
Key to learning:
Produce a healthy and happy learner who can accomplish, grow and actualize his or her human self.
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Nondirective and Therapeutic Learning
He established counselling procedures and methods for facilitating learning.
Children's perceptions, which are highly individualistic, influence their learning and behavior in class.
Key to learning:
Curriculum is concerned with process, not product; personal needs, not subject matter, psychological meaning, not cognitive scores.
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Persons: Contributions/Theories and Principles
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
contributed the Cognitive development theory.
stages:
Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Preoperational stage (2-7)
Concrete operations stage (7-11)
Formal operations stage (11-onwards)
Keys to learning:
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Developed the theory of Cultural Transmission and Development stage.
Children could, as a result of their interaction with society, actually perform certain cognitive actions prior to arriving at developmental stage.
Sociocultural Development Theory
Learning precedes development
Howard Gardner
Multiple Intelligences Theory
Humans have several different ways of processing information, and these ways are relatively independent of one another.
8 Intelligences
Linguistic Intelligence
Logico-Mathematical Intelligence
Spatial Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalistic Intelligence
Daniel Goleman
Emotional Quotient
Emotion contains the power to affect actions.