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6-plant nutrition - Coggle Diagram

- - - - starch is not soluble, so it is not involved in reactions
- - - - here the cells are packed tightly together in order to reduce the amount of water vapour escaping
        
        these cells secrete a waxy substance, which forms the "cuticle", a thin and waterproof covering
      - here there are not chlorplasts
    - - this layer is made of tall, narrow cells with a huge number of chloroplasts
        
        their main functio is to phostosynthesize, so they get plenty of sunlight
    - - here there are chloroplasts, too, but they are fewer than in the palisade mesophyll
      - between the cells there are spaces that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse
    - - here there is a tissue similar to the upper epidermis
        
        however, there are openings, called "stomata", each surrounded by two "guard cells", which contain chloroplasts
        
        the guard cells can change their shape, opening and closing the stomata, allowing oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour to diffuse i and out of the leaf
- - - - too little sunlight may slow down the process
    - - a temperature too high may denature the enzymes acting in this stage
- - - - plants use carbon dioxide, water and mineral ions to produce carbohydrates