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Changes After Independence - Coggle Diagram
Changes After Independence
Economic Challenges
Economic Vulnerability
Limited Access to Malaysian Hinterland
Increased tariffs
on Singapore's exports.
Reduced volume
of exports by Malaysia
Stored or processed by Malaysia
directly
Threat of Unemployment
70,000 unemployed and more joining
Declining entrepôt trade
amid growing competition from other ports
Closure of military bases
Economic Diversification
Establishment of
Economic Development Board
(1961)
Attracting
multinational corporations
to set up factories
Lower tax rates
Low crime rate, strengthened defence capabilities, diplomatic relations with countries globally
Large, young growing labour force
supported by trade unions
Sizeable land
set aside for industrial development and
adequate facilities
Export-oriented industry
Development of Infrastructure
100k telephones from 19
67
to 1972
Establishment of Developmental Bank of Singapore (1968)
Setting up of the Public Utilities Board (1963)
Opening of Changi Airport (1981)
Formation of the Port of Singapore Authority (1964)
Roads were constructed and an expressway system was built
1973 Oil Crisis
Conflict in the Middle East
Increased worker's wages
to cope with inflation
Increased cost of living
Decrease in demand
for Singapore's exports
Decreased economic growth
National Identity
National Registration Act of 1965
Privellages of citizenship
Voting
Priority in employment opportunities
Access to education and healthcare
Creation of National Symbols
Creation of State Flag and Crest
Adopting of State National Anthem
Coordinated efforts by Dr Toh Chin Chye
Forging of National Identity in Schools
Introduction of National Pledge to schools
Daily flag-raising and -lowering ceremonies
followed by singing of National Anthem and recitation of pledge
Addressing Social Challenges
Providing Public Housing
Setting up of Housing and Development Board (1960)
Constructed 54k flats in 1965
Bukit Ho Swee fire on 25 May 1961 in squatter settlement
4 dead and 16k homeless
Built accommodation in <a year
Access to amenities, greater comfort and security
HDB house ownership scheme
Can buy subsidised HDBs with CPF savings
Developed amenities around and introduced 4- and 5- room flats
Strengthening Education System
Literacy rate of 60%
Many required education
Resources
83 new schools
Increased teachers to 19k
Bilingual education policy
Integrated schools (communally)
Greater emphasis on STEM subjects
Equal opportunities for boys and girls
Improving Public Health
Overcrowded, unsanitary, poor hygiene and health habits
Rehoused population to HDBs
Clean Air Pact (1971)
Built and widened drains and canals
Prevent floods
Registered and licensed hawkers
Had to move to hawker centre and observe proper hygiene
Environmental Public Health Act (1968)